A method of analyzing influencing factors of a contribution rate of elastic energy of a top plate during catastrophe of a coal body; the specific steps are: taking a core on site and processing the core into a standard test piece; obtaining, by means of an indoor mechanical test, elastic moduli of the top plate and of gas-containing coal, respectively; substituting the obtained elastic moduli and thicknesses of the top plate and of the gas-containing coal into a calculation formula so as to obtain the contribution rate of the elastic energy of the top plate; and analyzing the influence of the contribution rate of the elastic energy of the top plate in the two situations of configuring the same thickness ratio and a different elastic modulus ratio and the same elastic modulus ratio and a different thickness ratio. The method has important theoretical significance and practical engineering value.