The present invention provides a method for scheduling uplink transmission in a relay-based wireless communication system. The method comprises: estimating step for estimating equivalent uplink channels of respective users whose uplink transmission is performed via a same relay station; calculating step for calculating orthogonality between the equivalent channels of said users; selecting step for selecting a combination of virtual multiple input multiple output users from said users, wherein the equivalent channels of the users in said combination of virtual multiple input multiple output users is conformable to the requirement of orthogonality; and scheduling step for scheduling the respective users in said combination of virtual multiple input multiple output users to perform uplink transmission cooperatively with a same time or frequency resource. By the present invention, time or frequency resource can be effectively saved without apparently reducing system capacity when the system's radio resource is scarce, and a proper quality of the signal receiption at the base station side is maintained.