The present disclosure provides a spectrum management apparatus and method, as well as an apparatus and method for base station side and user device side of a wireless communication system. The spectrum management apparatus includes: an acquiring unit, configured to acquire spectrum utilization information of at least one wireless communication system on a predetermined frequency band; a determining unit, configured to determine, according to the spectrum utilization information, spectrum utilization efficiency of a corresponding wireless communication system; and an adjusting unit, configured to adjust, based on the spectrum utilization efficiency, spectrum sensing parameters of the corresponding wireless communication system on the predetermined frequency band.