Provided is a chemical treatment steel sheet including a steel sheet; a composite coated layer which is formed on at least one surface of the steel sheet, and contains 2 to 200 mg/m2 of Ni in terms of an amount of metal Ni and 0.1 to 10 g/m2 of Sn in terms of an amount of metal Sn, and in which an island-shaped Sn coated layer is formed on an Fe—Ni—Sn alloy layer; and a chemical treatment layer that is formed on the composite coated layer, and contains a 0.01 to 0.1 mg/m2 of Zr compounds in terms of an amount of metal Zr and 0.01 to 5 mg/m2 of phosphate compounds in terms of an amount of P.