Disclosed is a magnetically controlled material-based magnetorheological pilot operated safety valve for a hydraulic support. The safety valve comprises a valve body, a valve core, a reset spring, and a pilot valve; the valve core is disposed in a valve core chamber provided in the valve body, and the pilot valve is disposed in a pilot valve chamber provided in the valve body; the pilot valve includes a magnetically controlled shape memory alloy, an electromagnet, a push rod, a piston, a magnetorheological fluid control coil, and a pilot valve core, which are arranged sequentially from left to right; a plurality of magnetically controlled material control coils are provided on the electromagnet; the magnetically controlled shape memory alloy runs through the electromagnet and is then connected to the push rod, the push rod is connected to the piston, the magnetorheological fluid lies between the piston and the pilot valve core.