A detection device includes a transfer device to travel along a rail while gripping a carrier, and a detection structure mounted on the carrier. The detection structure includes a collector to suck in air, a detector connected to the collector, the detector including a plurality of sensors, a plurality of sensor control boards receiving electrical signals from the plurality of sensors, the plurality of sensor control boards generating, based on the electrical signals, type data and concentration data regarding pollutants included in the air sucked in by the collector, and a communication control board connected to the plurality of sensor control boards.