A substrate processing method includes a first processing liquid supplying step of supplying a first processing liquid to an upper surface of a substrate, a holding-layer forming step of solidifying or curing the first processing liquid to form a particle holding layer on the upper surface of the substrate, a holding-layer removing step of peeling and removing the particle holding layer from the upper surface of the substrate, a liquid film forming step of forming, after removal of the particle holding layer from the substrate, a liquid film of a second processing liquid, a gas phase layer forming step of forming a gas phase layer for holding the liquid film between the upper surface of the substrate and the liquid film, and a liquid film removing step of removing the second processing liquid from the upper surface of the substrate by moving the liquid film on the gas phase layer.