This polishing pad has a polishing layer that comprises a polyurethane resin foam derived from an isocyanate-terminated prepolymer and a curing agent, wherein: the distance between hard segments in the polishing layer as measured by small-angle X-ray scattering is 9.5 nm or less; or the ratio (NC80/CC80) of the content proportion by weight (NC80) of an amorphous phase in the polishing layer as measured by pulse NMR at 80° C. to the content proportion by weight (CC80) of a crystalline phase in the polishing layer as measured by pulse NMR at 80° C. is 2.6-3.1, and the ratio (NC40/CC40) of the content proportion by weight (NC40) of an amorphous phase in the polishing layer as measured by pulse NMR at 40° C. to the content proportion by weight (CC40) of a crystalline phase in the polishing layer as measured by pulse NMR at 40° C. is 0.5-0.9.