In one aspect, a method for automatically leveling an agricultural implement being towed by a work vehicle includes receiving data associated with a field profile of a forward portion of a field positioned in front of the work vehicle relative to a direction of travel of the work vehicle, and identifying an inclined surface within the forward portion of the field that the work vehicle will encounter as the work vehicle tows the agricultural implement across the field based at least in part on the data. The method also includes determining one or more control actions to maintain an inclination angle of the agricultural implement within a predetermined angular inclination range based at least in part on the identification of the inclined surface, and executing the one or more control actions as at least one of the work vehicle or the agricultural implement travels across the inclined surface.