A battery system includes: a battery cell; and a temperature sensing array disposed on a surface of the battery cell, the temperature sensing array including: a conducting strip; and a plurality of temperature sensors connected in series with the conducting strip such that current flowing through the conducting strip flows through each of the temperature sensors, where each of the plurality of temperature sensors has at least one characteristic that varies in accordance with temperature, where the plurality of temperature sensors is distributed in different locations across the surface of the battery cell, and where an output current of the temperature sensing array varies in accordance with a change in temperature in any of the different locations.