A fireproof composite panel and a fireproof structure. The fireproof composite panel (10) comprises a metal layer (11), an aluminum foil layer (15), and a biosoluble insulation layer (13). The biosoluble insulation layer (13) is located between the metal layer (11) and the aluminum foil layer (15). The fireproof structure comprises the fireproof composite panel (10), and is used to seal through openings in a building.