Catalyst for dealkylating, in the presence of steam, a hydrocarbon charge, obtained for example from a catalytic reforming unit or from a unit for the production of aromatic hydrocarbons, and containing at least one alkylaromatic hydrocarbon such as toluene or a xylene, said catalyst containing an alumina carrier of a specific surface higher than 50 m.sup.2 /g and, by weight with respect to the catalyst, from 0.1 to 2% of rhodium, from 0.05 to 2% of at least one metal selected from copper, silver and gold, from 0.05 to 2% of rhenium and from 0.02 to 5% of at least one additional metal selected from lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium and uranium.