This vane type compressor includes: a main body comprising a cylinder block formed with a bore and end members closing the ends of the bore; a rotor received within the main body in the bore so as to be rotatable about an axis extending in its longitudinal direction, its surface being formed with several slots extending in its longitudinal direction; and several vanes, each slidably fitted into one of the slots with its outer edge bearing against the inside surface of the bore in the main body. The material from which the vanes are formed is a composite material, comprising carbon and a metal including a substantial proportion of aluminum, and further including a substantial quantity of aluminum carbide, which holds the composite material together well and prevents the metal from coming away therefrom. This aluminum carbide may lie between the carbon and the reinforcing metal, and may be in a quantity of from about 1% to about 20%. The rotor may be made from cast iron, or from a material which has a similar coefficient of thermal expansion to the material for the vanes; this means that the vanes always fit well into the slots, no matter what may be the operating temperature of the compressor.