DNA vaccine against a pathogen affecting farm animals, in particular bovines or porcines, comprising a plasmid containing a nucleotide sequence encoding an immunogen of a pathogen of the animal species considered, under conditions allowing the in vivo expression of this sequence, and a cationic lipid containing a quaternary ammonium salt, of formula in which R1 is a saturated or unsaturated linear aliphatic radical having 12 to 18 carbon atoms, R2 is another aliphatic radical containing 2 or 3 carbon atoms, and X a hydroxyl or amine group, this lipid being preferably DMRIE.