Described herein are embodiments of a source high-Q resonator, optionally coupled to an energy source, and a second high-Q resonator, optionally coupled to an energy drain that may be located a variable distance from the source resonator. The source resonator and the second resonator may be coupled to transfer electromagnetic energy from said source resonator to said second resonator over a distance D that is smaller than each of the resonant wavelengths λ1 and λ2 corresponding to the resonant frequencies ω1 and ω2, respectively.