Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are provided to determine routing associated with a short message. A SMS-SC may send a first routing request to a home subscriber server (HSS). The first routing request may be associated with the short message. The SMS-SC may receive a first routing reply. The first routing reply may include one of an indication that the short message is associated with a service capability server (SCS) or a first control plane routing associated with the short message. The SMS-SC may send the short message to an SCS serving node. The first routing reply may include the indication that the short message is associated with a service capability server (SCS). The SMS-SC may send a second routing request to a SCS subscription database. The SMS-SC may receive a second routing reply from the SCS subscription database, which may indicate a second control plane routing for the short message.