A construction management system includes: a transmitter disposed in a transportation vehicle and configured to transmit radio waves including specific data of the transportation vehicle; a mobile terminal disposed in a loading machine; a reception section provided in the mobile terminal and configured to receive the radio waves from the transmitter; a detection section provided in the mobile terminal and configured to detect intensity of the radio waves received by the reception section; a specific data acquisition section provided in the mobile terminal and configured to acquire the specific data from the radio waves received by the reception section; and a work management section configured to generate result data indicating that the transportation vehicle has approached the loading machine based on the intensity detected by the detection section and the specific data acquired by the specific data acquisition section.