A stereoscopic imaging system and method is disclosed. In one aspect the system includes an X-ray source that emits a plurality of X-ray fanbeams. The system includes columns of detectors. Each column of detectors is arranged at a preset angle with respect to the X-ray source. The detectors detect a strength of an X-ray fanbeam penetrating an object under inspection. The detectors form transmission images when the object intersects, or moves along a direction intersecting with, the X-ray fanbeams. The system includes a reconstruction apparatus that uses any two of the formed transmission images as a binocular image. The reconstruction apparatus calculates depth information of the object on the transmission images. The reconstruction apparatus superposes and fuses the calculated depth information to obtain 3D information. The reconstruction apparatus performs 3D reconstruction so that the detected object can be presented in a stereoscopic manner from different view angles.