摘要:
A measurement head for making X-ray measurements on drilling fluid includes an inner pipe (30) having a outlet (32) and an outer pipe (34) around the inner pipe. Drilling fluid is pumped through the outlet refreshing the fluid at the outlet. The pump is then stopped. A height sensor (42) is then used to measuring the height of a meniscus of drilling fluid at the outlet (32). An X-ray head (50) including an X-ray source (52) and an X-ray detector (54) is then moved into a reproducible position above the meniscus of fluid above the outlet. The height sensor (42) may be fixed to a movable cover (40), to the X-ray head (50) or to some other part of the measurement head.
摘要:
A method, an apparatus and a system are provided for assessing at a security checkpoint the threat status of a liquid product, where the liquid product is comprised of a bottle at least partially filled with liquid. X-ray image data conveying an image of the bottle holding the liquid is received, the X-ray image data being derived by performing an X-ray scan of the liquid product at a security checkpoint using an X-ray imaging apparatus. The X-ray image data is processed to derive information conveying a level of fill of the bottle by taking into account location information associated with a meniscus formed by the liquid in the bottle. The threat status of the liquid product is derived at least in part based on the level of fill of the bottle. Information conveying the determined threat status of the liquid product is released.
摘要:
A technique, including associated method and system, for on-line measurement of a trace element in a crude or heavy fuel stream for a refinery, including in one embodiment: providing at least one x-ray fluorescence (“XRF”) analyzer at a point for the refinery; analyzing the petroleum stream for chlorine using the analyzer; and providing results from the analyzer to refinery operators, to improve refinery operations. The analyzer may be a monochromatic wavelength XRF analyzer, wherein the analyzer focuses energy to/from the stream using an x-ray engine having at least one focusing, monochromating x-ray optic. The analyzer may be an MWDXRF or ME-EDXRF analyzer; and the trace element may be one or more of the following elements: S, Cl, P, K, Ca, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Hg, As, Pb, and Se; and in one embodiment the stream is crude, and the trace element is chlorine.
摘要:
A flow cell is provided for the analysis and/or microscopy of liquid or gas samples on the nanometer to micron scale. The flow cell preferably includes a thin membrane that is transparent to electrons and/or photons, thereby enabling the penetration of electrons or photons into a liquid flowing through the cell. Trenches are provided on either side of the membrane, which advantageously minimize fluidic resistance outside of the window area of the cell and also enable a faster response time in response to changes in external fluidic pressure. This feature enables active feedback using pathlength sensitive probes to stabilize the fluid flow to thin streams from nanometer to micron scale thicknesses with nanometer precision.
摘要:
A method to perform security screening at an airport on hand-carried baggage. The method includes requesting passengers with hand carried baggage to remove from the baggage a container that holds a liquid and perform an x-ray inspection on the hand carried baggage and on the container while the container remains outside the baggage. According to the method, the results of the x-ray inspection are used to determine if the baggage contains illegal objects and if the liquid is a security threat.
摘要:
A system (10) for identifying a substance (82) is provided. The system includes a first scatter detector (16) configured to detect a first set of scattered radiation (89, 90), a second scatter detector (18) configured to detect a second set of scattered radiation (88, 91), and a processor (190) configured to generate a first effective atomic number from the first set of scattered radiation, to generate a second effective atomic number from the second set of scattered radiation, and to determine (642) whether the first effective atomic number is within a limit of the second effective atomic number.
摘要:
A system (10) for identifying a substance (82) is provided. The system includes a first scatter detector (16) configured to detect a first set of scattered radiation (89, 90), a second scatter detector (18) configured to detect a second set of scattered radiation (88, 91), and a processor (190) configured to generate a first effective atomic number from the first set of scattered radiation, to generate a second effective atomic number from the second set of scattered radiation, and to determine (642) whether the first effective atomic number is within a limit of the second effective atomic number.