摘要:
The invention relates to a gas chromatography instrument 2 for determining a concentration of a volatile marker. The instrument 2 comprises a first chromatographic column 8 and a first detector 12. It has been found that retention times and peak heights of all compounds in a chromatogram are not universal constants of nature, but depend strongly on many parameters, like the column dimensions, materials and operating conditions. By utilizing an additional detector 22 or an additional chromatographic column 24, wherein the additional detector 22 differs from the first detector 12 by a detector property and/or the additional chromatographic column 24 differs from the first chromatographic column 8 by a column property, these redundancies can be exploited to determine a reliable consensus concentration value for the marker and allows for determining a confidence level thereof.
摘要:
A porous polymer monolith comprises a polymer body having macroporous through-pores that facilitate fluid flow through the body and an array of mesopores adapted to bind from the fluid flow molecules of a predetermined range of sizes, wherein the surface area of the monolith is predominantly provided by the mesopores. Also disclosed is a method of making a porous polymer monolith. The method includes forming a polymer body by phase separation out of a solution containing at least a monomer, a crosslinker and a primary porogen, whereby the body contains multiple macroporous through-pores, wherein the solution further contains a secondary porogen comprising oligomers inert with respect to the monomer and cross-linker but chemically compatible with the monomer so as to form mesostructures within the polymer body during said phase separation, and washing the mesostructures from the body to provide an array of mesopores such that the surface area of the monolith is predominantly provided by the mesopores.
摘要:
Permeable polymeric monolithic materials are prepared in a column casing. In one embodiment, the permeable polymeric monolithic materials polymerized by the application of heat from an external source starting at a low temperature such as 40 degrees centigrade, depending on the mixture and size of the column, and continuing at a higher temperature, such as 60 degrees centigrade. The temperature at the start of the polymerization is low enough so as not to cause exothermal run-away conditions and to avoid high heat of reaction that would prevent a substantially constant temperature across the cross-section of the column. The higher temperature is used after sufficient monomer depletion has occurred and steric interference has increased so the polymerization reaction is sufficiently slow to avoid heat of reaction generation high enough to cause significant reduction in the homogeneousness of the pore sizes.