摘要:
Electrical parameter values, such as semiconductor sheet resistivity and mobility values, of a sample are measured in an apparatus of the kind in which the sample is positioned in a microwave guide and the microwave signal reflected from the sample is compared to the incident microwave to provide information about the values. The sample, a wafer 1, is positioned between parallel plates 2, in a wafer holder 4, the plate 3 comprising support plate 30, 31 and wafer backing plate 33 held in place by vacuum chamber 34, 35. The plate 2 has a groove 27 positioned and dimensioned to provide a so-called "choke flange" which compensates for the transmission discontinuity in the waveguide caused by the gap between the plates 2, 3. The wafer 1 extends right across the total cross-section of the waveguide formed by the duct 7, 8. The end of the duct 7 is coupled to a microwave source and the end of duct 8 is terminated in a short circuit, the spacing of which from the sample can be adjusted.
摘要:
A system for detecting a fault in an electric grid, including a plurality of grid measuring devices distributed in the electric grid, being operative to measure current and/or voltage with their respective time of occurrence, enabling a user to define at least one fault type, and at least one rule for detecting the fault type, the rule associating the fault type with at least one of the measurements, executing the measurements, and analyzing the measurements according to the rule to detect a fault.
摘要:
An RF impedance measurement circuit (100), comprises a sensing capacitor (104) connectable in series with an RF signal path (102); a first amplitude detector (116a) and a first frequency divider (108a), each coupled, with said measurement circuit in operation, to said RF signal path (102) at a first terminal (104a) of said sensing capacitor (104); a second amplitude detector (116b) and a second frequency divider (108b), each coupled, with said measurement circuit in operation, to a second terminal (104b) of said sensing capacitor (104); and a phase detection circuit (110a) connected to an output (I) of said first frequency divider (108a) and to an output (I) of said second frequency divider (108b).
摘要:
The invention is concerned with an observation circuit (28) for observing an input impedance (Rin) at a high frequency connector (16) of a mobile device terminal (14), the observation circuit (28) comprising a measurement circuitry, wherein the measurement circuitry comprises the high frequency connector (16), a reference impedance (R2), a voltage source (29), and a voltage meter (30) . The invention is characterized in that a first output electrode (31) of the voltage source (29) is connected to both a first electrode (20) of the high frequency connector (16) and a first input electrode (32) of the voltage meter (30) over the reference impedance (R2), and a second output electrode (33) of the voltage source (29) is connected to both a second electrode (21) of the high frequency connector (16) and a second input electrode (34) of the voltage meter (30).
摘要:
A signal generating method includes: a step SD11 of determining, as a method for transmitting a visible light signal from a transmitter, one of a single-frame transmitting method for transmitting data as one frame and a multiple-frame transmitting method for transmitting the data while dividing the data into a plurality of frames; a step SD12 of, when the multiple-frame transmitting method is determined, generating partition type information indicating a type of data to be transmitted, and of generating combination data by adding the partition type information to the data to be transmitted; a step SD13 of generating the plurality of frames each of which includes each of a plurality of data parts by dividing the combination data into the plurality of data parts; and a step SD14 of generating the visible light signal by adding a preamble to a head of each of the plurality of frames.
摘要:
A mixed-domain oscilloscope (MDO 105) includes a signal generator (160) configured to generate a test signal (137) having a span ranging from a user-configurable start frequency to a user configurable stop frequency, an output channel (115) coupled to the signal generator and configured to transmit the test signal, an RF input channel (120) configured to receive a return signal (142) based on the test signal, an acquisition section (114) configured to acquire and digitize the return signal as an acquisition record, and a ramp busy signal generator (170) configured to substantially time-align the acquisition record with the test signal. The test signal includes a chirp signal that is a linearly swept sine wave that spans between the user-configurable start frequency and the user-configurable stop frequency. Methods include calibrating the chirp signal, connecting the MDO in various test configurations relative to external return loss bridge and DUT equipment, and performing measurements such as S21 (db), S11(db), and distance-to-fault type measurements.
摘要:
A system for measuring impedance (200) is disclosed. The system is designed to be connected with an external unknown impedance. The system includes a reference signal generator (218), an impedance component (104) coupled to the reference signal generator (218), a local oscillator (208) configured to generate a signal of a selected frequency, a plurality of frequency mixers (206, 210, 214) coupled to the impedance component (104) and the local oscillator (208) and a switch (202) connected across the impedance component (104) in such a way that the impedance component is bypassed when the switch is on.
摘要:
A system and a method for measuring leakage current in an electrical transmission network. The system contains a plurality of electric current measurement devices distributed along the electrical transmission network and at least one central controller. The current measurement devices measure the electric current substantially continuously or repeatedly and report to the central controller. The central controller performs analysis of the measurements of the electric current along the transmission network and calculates the leakage current.