Abstract:
A titanium oxide photocatalyst responsive to visible light which can exhibit a high photocatalytic activity in response to visible light is produced by subjecting titanium oxide and/or titanium hydroxide obtained by neutralizing an acidic titanium compound with a nitrogen-containing base to heat treatment in an atmosphere containing a hydrolyzable metal compound (e.g., a titanium halide) and then to additional heat treatment in a gas having a moisture content of 0.5 - 4.0 volume % at a temperature of 350° C or above. The photocatalyst which is a nitrogen-containing titanium oxide has no9 substantial peak at a temperature of 600° C or above in a mass fragment spectrum obtained by thermal desorption spectroscopy in which the ratio m/e of the mass number m to the electric charged e of ions is 28, and the peak having the smallest half band width is in the range of 400 - 600° C in the spectrum. The nitrogen content calculated from the peak appearing at 400 eV ∀ 1.0 eV in the N1s shell bonding energy spectrum obtained by XPS measurement of this photocatalyst is at least 20 times larger than the nitrogen content obtained by chemical analysis.
Abstract:
A full spectrum light emitting lamp and one or more translucent base bodies surrounding the lamp are disposed in the lighting apparatus, the one or more translucent bas bodies having a photocatalytic reaction layer which bears a photocatalyst made of a titanium dioxide thin film therein, or the one or more translucent base bodies having the photocatalytic reaction layer which bears the photocatalyst made of the titanium dioxide thin film therein and having infrared light-absorbing functions, and a space through which air can flow is formed between the lamp and the translucent base body. Therefore, an ultraviolet light, a visible light and an infrared light can effectively be utilized according to characteristics such as an air purifying function of the ultraviolet light, a lighting function of the visible light, and a heating function of the infrared light to thereby save optical energy emitted from the lamp. Further, forced convection is generated in the air flow space by a heating effect of the infrared light emitted from the lamp in addition to a heating effect of the optical energy emitted from the lamp, so that the air can sufficiently be ventilated to promote an air purifying effect.
Abstract:
An even titanium oxide film is economically formed on the surface of a substrate. To actualize the film formation, an aqueous titanium tetrachloride solution containing 0.1 to 17% by weight of Ti is applied in a film-like state on the surface of a heat resistant substrate. While the liquid film state is kept as it is, the aqueous titanium tetrachloride solution is heated to 300°C or more and H 2 O and HCl in the liquid film are accordingly evaporated to form a titanium oxide film. In the case where the substrate is of aluminum inferior in acid resistance, an acid-resistant film such as an oxide film is previously formed on the surface of the metal substrate.
Abstract:
A process for producing Ti, comprising a reduction step of reacting TiCl 4 with Ca in a CaCl 2 -containing molten salt having the Ca dissolved therein to thereby form Ti particles, a separation step of separating the Ti particles formed in said molten salt from said molten salt and an electrolysis step of electrolyzing the molten salt so as to increase the Ca concentration, wherein the molten salt increased in Ca concentration in the electrolysis step is introduced into a regulating cell to thereby render the Ca concentration of the molten salt constant and thereafter the molten salt is used for the reduction of TiCl 4 in the reduction step. In the present invention, the Ca concentration of the molten salt to be fed to the corresponding reduction vessel can be inhibited from fluctuating and, at the same time, can maintain high concentration levels. Further, a large volume of the molten salt can be treated continuously. Therefore, the reduction reaction of TiCl 4 can be efficiently performed, and the process can be effectively utilized in the production of Ti by Ca reduction as a production process for realizing Ti production on an industrial scale.
Abstract:
The present invention provides a method for electrolyzing molten salt that can enhance the concentration of metal-fog forming metal in the molten salt by carrying out the electrolysis under conditions that the molten salt containing the chloride of metal-fog forming metal is supplied from one end of an electrolytic cell to a space between an anode and a cathode in a continuous or intermittent manner to provide a flow rate in one direction to the molten salt in the vicinity of the surface of the cathode and thus to allow the molten salt to flow in one direction in the vicinity of the surface of the cathode. According to the present invention, while high current efficiency is maintained, only the molten salt enriched with metal-fog forming metal such as Ca can be effectively taken out. Further, this method can easily be carried out by using the electrolytic cell according to the present invention. Furthermore, the application of the method for electrolyzing molten salt according to the present invention to the production of Ti by Ca reduction can realize the production of metallic Ti with high efficiency. Thus, the method for electrolyzing molten salt, the electrolytic cell, and the process for producing Ti, each according to the present invention, can be effectively utilized in the production of Ti by Ca reduction.
Abstract:
[Problem] Provided is a silicon oxide-based negative electrode material capable of avoiding, as much as possible, decreased battery performance resulting from a heterogeneous distribution of a Li concentration. [Solution] Provided is a powder having an average composition of SiLi x O y wherein 0.05
Abstract:
There is produced a Li-containing silicon oxide powder containing a crystallized lithium silicate that is mostly water-insoluble Li 2 Si 2 O 5 and containing little crystalline Si. This object is attained through the mixing of a lower silicon oxide powder represented by a compositional formula SiO x (0.5
Abstract:
Provided is a negative-electrode material powder for a lithium-ion secondary battery including a conductive carbon film on the surface of a lower silicon oxide powder, in which the total content of tar components measured by TPD-MS is not less than 1 ppm by mass and not more than 4000 ppm by mass, and in the Raman spectrum, peaks exist at 1350 cm -1 and 1580 cm -1 , while the peak at 1580 cm -1 has a half-value width of not less than 50 cm -1 and not more than 100 cm -1 . In the negative-electrode material powder, a specific surface area measured by the BET method is preferably not less than 0.3 m 2 /g and not more than 40 m 2 /g, and the proportion of the conductive carbon film is preferably not less than 0.2 mass% and not more than 10 mass%. A specific resistance of the lower silicon oxide powder is preferably not more than 40000 Ωcm, and a maximum value P1 of SiO x -incurred halos and a value P2 of the strongest line peak of Si (111) preferably satisfy a relationship of P2/P1
Abstract:
A negative electrode material powder for a lithium ion secondary battery having a conductive carbon film on the surface of a lower-silicon-oxide powder; wherein a specific surface area in BET measurement ranges from more than 0.3 m 2 /g to 40 m 2 /g, and no SiC peak appears at 2θ= 35.6°±0.01° or the half-value width of the appeared peak is 2° or more in XRD measurement using CuK α rays. The proportion of said carbon film preferably ranges from 0.2% to 2.5% by mass. Said powder preferably has 100000 Ωcm or less of specific resistance. In XRD, P2/P1 x and a value P2 of the strongest linear peak of Si (111) above the halo. Accordingly, said powder can be used in the secondary battery with a large discharge capacity and a preferable cycle characteristics for practical use.
Abstract:
Provided is SiO x , wherein the amount of generated H 2 O gas detected in a temperature range of 200 to 800°C in a temperature-programmed desorption gas analysis is 680 ppm or less. The amount of the generated H 2 O is desirably 420 ppm or less. In addition, in a graph obtained by X-ray diffraction, the peak intensity P1 at a Si peak point exhibited near 2θ = 28° and the base intensity P2 at a peak point interpolated from the gradient of average intensities in the fore and aft positions near the peak point desirably satisfy (P1-P2)/P2≤0.2. This SiO x is used as a vapor deposition material, whereby the generation of splashing is suppressed in forming a film, and a vapor-deposited film having excellent gas barrier properties can be formed. In addition, this SiO x is used as a negative electrode active material, whereby high initial efficiency of a lithium-ion secondary battery can be maintained.