Abstract:
A titanium oxide photocatalyst responsive to visible light which can exhibit a high photocatalytic activity in response to visible light is produced by subjecting titanium oxide and/or titanium hydroxide obtained by neutralizing an acidic titanium compound with a nitrogen-containing base to heat treatment in an atmosphere containing a hydrolyzable metal compound (e.g., a titanium halide) and then to additional heat treatment in a gas having a moisture content of 0.5 - 4.0 volume % at a temperature of 350° C or above. The photocatalyst which is a nitrogen-containing titanium oxide has no9 substantial peak at a temperature of 600° C or above in a mass fragment spectrum obtained by thermal desorption spectroscopy in which the ratio m/e of the mass number m to the electric charged e of ions is 28, and the peak having the smallest half band width is in the range of 400 - 600° C in the spectrum. The nitrogen content calculated from the peak appearing at 400 eV ∀ 1.0 eV in the N1s shell bonding energy spectrum obtained by XPS measurement of this photocatalyst is at least 20 times larger than the nitrogen content obtained by chemical analysis.
Abstract:
Hypochlorous acid is produced economically without the supply of electricity energy from outside. To actualize the production, a photoelectric cell having a titanium oxide electrode 1 and a counter electrode 2 is placed in an electrolyte solution 3 containing a metal chloride. Under the environment that oxygen can be supplied to the counter electrode 2 of the photoelectric cell in the electrolyte solution 3, the titanium oxide electrode 1 is irradiated with light.
Abstract:
The present invention provides a method by which a metal-fog-forming metal dissolved in one portion of "a molten salt mixture consisted of one or more of metal-fog-forming metal containing molten salts" (generally, a molten salt) can be removed and transferred to another portion of the molten salt to increase the concentration thereof. The method can hence be utilized as one of means for treating molten salts in various industrial fields in which metal-fog-forming metal-containing molten salts such as Ca or Na are handled. In particular, when the method is utilized in producing Ti by Ca reduction, the Ca dissolved in the molten salt to be fed to an electrolytic cell can be rapidly removed (recovered) and the Ca formation efficiency during the electrolysis of the molten salt can be enhanced. Consequently, Ca formation and TiCl 4 reduction in the electrolysis of the molten salt can be efficiently carried out and a stable operation on a commercial scale is possible. Thus, the method can be efficiently utilized in producing Ti or a Ti alloy by Ca reduction.
Abstract:
A method for producing a silicon monoxide sintered product which comprises effecting a sintering by hot press forming under a pressure of 15 MPa or more at a temperature of 1200 to 1350˚C, to thereby provide a sintered product having a bulk density of 1.68 g/cm3 or more; and the method which further comprises using a press mold having an outer mold of integral type and, disposed inside it, plural inner molds divided with spaces packed with cushioning sheets, to thereby provide a sintered product having a diameter of 100 mm or more and a bulk density being 95 % or more of its true density and 2.13 g/cm3 or more. The method allows the production of a silicon monoxide sintered product exhibiting a uniform structure, good mechanical processability and reduced splashing, which is required to a silicon monoxide material for vapor deposition, and such a product further having a diameter of 100 mm or more and a shape matching to a target holder, which is required to a silicon monoxide material for a sputtering target, with stability and good productivity.
Abstract:
A titanium oxide photocatalyst responsive to visible light which can exhibit a high photocatalytic activity in response to visible light is produced by subjecting titanium oxide and/or titanium hydroxide obtained by neutralizing an acidic titanium compound with a nitrogen-containing base to heat treatment in an atmosphere containing a hydrolyzable metal compound (e.g., a titanium halide) and then to additional heat treatment in a gas having a moisture content of 0.5 - 4.0 volume % at a temperature of 350° C or above. The photocatalyst which is a nitrogen-containing titanium oxide has no9 substantial peak at a temperature of 600° C or above in a mass fragment spectrum obtained by thermal desorption spectroscopy in which the ratio m/e of the mass number m to the electric charged e of ions is 28, and the peak having the smallest half band width is in the range of 400 - 600° C in the spectrum. The nitrogen content calculated from the peak appearing at 400 eV ∀ 1.0 eV in the N1s shell bonding energy spectrum obtained by XPS measurement of this photocatalyst is at least 20 times larger than the nitrogen content obtained by chemical analysis.
Abstract:
A full spectrum light emitting lamp and one or more translucent base bodies surrounding the lamp are disposed in the lighting apparatus, the one or more translucent bas bodies having a photocatalytic reaction layer which bears a photocatalyst made of a titanium dioxide thin film therein, or the one or more translucent base bodies having the photocatalytic reaction layer which bears the photocatalyst made of the titanium dioxide thin film therein and having infrared light-absorbing functions, and a space through which air can flow is formed between the lamp and the translucent base body. Therefore, an ultraviolet light, a visible light and an infrared light can effectively be utilized according to characteristics such as an air purifying function of the ultraviolet light, a lighting function of the visible light, and a heating function of the infrared light to thereby save optical energy emitted from the lamp. Further, forced convection is generated in the air flow space by a heating effect of the infrared light emitted from the lamp in addition to a heating effect of the optical energy emitted from the lamp, so that the air can sufficiently be ventilated to promote an air purifying effect.
Abstract:
An even titanium oxide film is economically formed on the surface of a substrate. To actualize the film formation, an aqueous titanium tetrachloride solution containing 0.1 to 17% by weight of Ti is applied in a film-like state on the surface of a heat resistant substrate. While the liquid film state is kept as it is, the aqueous titanium tetrachloride solution is heated to 300°C or more and H 2 O and HCl in the liquid film are accordingly evaporated to form a titanium oxide film. In the case where the substrate is of aluminum inferior in acid resistance, an acid-resistant film such as an oxide film is previously formed on the surface of the metal substrate.
Abstract:
A process for producing Ti, comprising a reduction step of reacting TiCl 4 with Ca in a CaCl 2 -containing molten salt having the Ca dissolved therein to thereby form Ti particles, a separation step of separating the Ti particles formed in said molten salt from said molten salt and an electrolysis step of electrolyzing the molten salt so as to increase the Ca concentration, wherein the molten salt increased in Ca concentration in the electrolysis step is introduced into a regulating cell to thereby render the Ca concentration of the molten salt constant and thereafter the molten salt is used for the reduction of TiCl 4 in the reduction step. In the present invention, the Ca concentration of the molten salt to be fed to the corresponding reduction vessel can be inhibited from fluctuating and, at the same time, can maintain high concentration levels. Further, a large volume of the molten salt can be treated continuously. Therefore, the reduction reaction of TiCl 4 can be efficiently performed, and the process can be effectively utilized in the production of Ti by Ca reduction as a production process for realizing Ti production on an industrial scale.
Abstract:
The present invention provides a method for electrolyzing molten salt that can enhance the concentration of metal-fog forming metal in the molten salt by carrying out the electrolysis under conditions that the molten salt containing the chloride of metal-fog forming metal is supplied from one end of an electrolytic cell to a space between an anode and a cathode in a continuous or intermittent manner to provide a flow rate in one direction to the molten salt in the vicinity of the surface of the cathode and thus to allow the molten salt to flow in one direction in the vicinity of the surface of the cathode. According to the present invention, while high current efficiency is maintained, only the molten salt enriched with metal-fog forming metal such as Ca can be effectively taken out. Further, this method can easily be carried out by using the electrolytic cell according to the present invention. Furthermore, the application of the method for electrolyzing molten salt according to the present invention to the production of Ti by Ca reduction can realize the production of metallic Ti with high efficiency. Thus, the method for electrolyzing molten salt, the electrolytic cell, and the process for producing Ti, each according to the present invention, can be effectively utilized in the production of Ti by Ca reduction.