摘要:
The invention relates to a hand held wand for use in a portable detection and screening system for detecting molecular vapor from a target material or particulates containing a target material; said target material including explosives, chemical agents, drugs or narcotics, said wand comprising a portable vacuum head for engaging an individual or article to be searched for said target materials and collecting a sample volume of air therefrom, said vacuum head including an inlet port for admitting said sample volume of air, and a flexible seal surrounding said inlet port for sealing said port to an article to be searched a detection and screening system for collecting and detecting any molecular vapors of a target material present in said sample volume of air a vacuum means for drawing said sample volume of air from said portable vacuum head to said detection and screening system, and a flexible conduit joining said portable vacuum head and said detection and screening system.
摘要:
Diclosed is a method of rapidly checking surfaces for the presence of traces of specific compounds such as certain explosives and drugs. A hand-covering such as a cotton glove is used to wipe surfaces to pick up particles of the specific compound which may indicate the presence of larger amounts or previous contact of a surface by a person who has handled the compound. The particles are transferred - unheated - to collection surfaces of a hand-held sample probe by vacuuming of the gloved hand by the battery-operated probe. Heat is then supplied by a source external to the probe to vaporize the particles, and the vapors are analyzed by a suitable technique such as high speed gas chromatography. The method permits checking of surfaces for explosives at processing rates of up to several samples per minute.
摘要:
An apparatus for detecting concealed explosive or narcotic substances using an ion mobility spectrometer (IMS) to analyze trace samples of those substances obtained by collecting adhering particles of dust from surfaces adjacent containers which may contain those concealed substances or from clothing of people that may be carrying them. The dust particles are capable, over a period of time, of adsorbing vapours emitted by concealed explosive or narcotic material in a container. Plastic explosives have very low vapour pressures but may, through mechanical abrasion and handling, distribute solid microscopic particles of that material around. The dust particles and microscopic particles can be collected by an air stream with an inertial collector and deposited onto a collecting medium, which is on a moveable surface, is then moved to another position adjacent the entrance to an ion mobility spectrometer where there are means to heat the particles to a temperature which will vaporize materials from the particles into the ion mobility spectrometer. That movable surface is provided with a number of collecting mediums for the particles so that as one is moved adjacent to the spectrometer, another collecting medium is moved beneath the base of the collector allowing collection and desorption to take place simultaneously.
摘要:
Methods and systems for detecting ice crystals and volcanic ash in concentrations capable of causing power loss in aircraft jet engines. These hazard conditions are inferred from the detection of ice crystals or ash in air recently lifted from the lower atmosphere by convective updrafts. The detection systems can comprise subsystems for detecting air recently lifted from the lower troposphere by measuring radon activity along the aircrafts' flight track, as well as subsystems for detecting ice crystals or volcanic ash around the aircraft via multispectral measurements. The detection of ice crystals in air recently lifted from the lower troposphere indicates that the ice crystals are likely present in large concentration. The detection of volcanic ash in air recently lifted from lower atmosphere also indicates that volcanic ash is likely present in high concentration. These are hazards conditions that could cause power loss, jet engine flameout, and even damage jet engines.
摘要:
Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for detecting seepage of hydrocarbons in subterranean zones. In one aspect, a method includes detecting hydrocarbon seepage at multiple different sampling depths from a surface in a surveyed geographic region, comparing each of the hydrocarbon seepage at the multiple different sampling depths, wherein hydrocarbon seepage at a reference depth is known, and determining hydrocarbon seepage through the surveyed geographic region based on a result of the comparison.
摘要:
A method of determining a presence and location of a subsurface hydrocarbon accumulation from a sample of naturally occurring substance. An expected concentration of isotopologues of a hydrocarbon species is determined. An expected temperature dependence of isotopologues present in the sample is modeled using high-level ab initio calculations. A clumped isotopic signature of the isotopologues present in the sample is measured. The clumped isotopic signature is compared with the expected concentration of isotopologues. Using the comparison, it is determined whether hydrocarbons present in the sample originate directly from a source rock or whether the hydrocarbons present in the sample have escaped from a subsurface accumulation. The current equilibrium storage temperature of the hydrocarbon species in the subsurface accumulation prior to escape to the surface is determined. A location of the subsurface accumulation is determined. This information may be integrated with pre-drill basin burial history models to calibrate a basin model.
摘要:
A method for detecting hydrocarbons is described. The method includes performing a remote sensing survey of a survey location to identify a target location. Then, an underwater vehicle (UV) is deployed into a body of water and directed to the target location. The UV collects measurement data within the body of water at the target location, which is then analyzed to determine whether hydrocarbons are present at the target location.
摘要:
A method of identifying a hydrocarbon system is disclosed A sample from an area of interest is obtained. A first plurality of analyses is used to determine a community structure of an ecology of the sample. A second plurality of analyses is used to determine a community function of the ecology of the sample. The community structure and the community function are used to determine whether the ecology of the sample matches a characteristic ecology of a hydrocarbon system. When the ecology of the sample matches the characteristic ecology, the sample is identified as part of the hydrocarbon system.
摘要:
A method is disclosed for determining for determining a presence, type, quality and/or volume of a subsurface hydrocarbon accumulation from a sample related thereto. The method may include determining a noble gas signature of a sample and at least one or more of determining a clumped isotope signature of the sample and characterizing the ecology signature of the sample. Then, the method integrates signatures to determine information about the subsurface accumulation, such as the location, fluid type and quality, and volume of a subsurface hydrocarbon accumulation.