Abstract:
A distillation system for separating at least two components of a multi-component fluid feed that includes a stripper section including (i) an inlet to receive a feed of fluid containing at least two components, (ii) a compressor in fluid communication with a more volatile portion of the fluid within the stripper section to provide an output feed, and (iii) a reboiler to receive a heating fluid and in fluid communication with a less volatile portion of fluid within the stripper section. The distillation system also includes a rectifier section aligned vertically with and disposed below the stripper section, the rectifier section to receive the output feed from the compressor and further including (i) a condenser to receive a cooling fluid and in fluid communication with a more volatile portion of the output feed from the compressor, the condenser including an exit to remove at least one component from the more volatile portion of the output feed, and (ii) an outlet to recycle a less volatile portion of the output feed from the compressor for recycle back to the stripper section. Heat pipes are provided between the lower rectifier section and the upper stripper section so as to transfer thermal energy from the rectifier to the stripper section and thereby improve the exergy efficiency of such distillation.
Abstract:
A hydroprocessing process is disclosed which includes two hydroprocessing reaction stages represented by vessels (12) and (14), both of which produce a liquid and vapor effluent represented by lines (42) and (54), and a liquid vapor contacting stage. The first vapor effluent contains impurities, such as heteroatom compounds, which are removed from the vapor by contact with processed liquid effluent derived from one or both reaction stages in contact vessel (20) and optionally also liquid recovered from processed vapor. The first and contact stage liquid effluents are passed into the second stage vessel (14) to finish the hydroprocessing. The contact and second stage vapor effluents are cooled to recover additional hydroprocessed product liquid in lines (58) and (64).
Abstract:
A process for upgrading a liquid petroleum or chemical stream wherein said feedstream flows countercurrent to the flow of a treat gas, such as a hydrogen-containing gas, in at least one reaction zone. The feedstream treated so that it is substantially free of particulate matter and foulant precursors.
Abstract:
A hydroprocessing process for removing impurities from a feed (22) comprising a hydrocarbonaceous liquid comprises at least two cocurrent, upflow hydroprocessing reaction stages (14, 16) and a non-catalytic, vapor-liquid contacting stage (20). The reaction and contacting stages may all be in the same reactor vessel (12). The feed and a hydrogen treat gas (24) are passed up into a catalyst bed which comprises the first reaction stage, which produces a partially hydroprocessed liquid and vapor effluent. This first stage vapor is passed up into the contacting stage (20) in which it contacts a hydrocarbonaceous liquid which reduces the vapor impurity content. The impurity-enriched contacting liquid passes down and mixes with the first stage liquid effluent. The combined effluents and hydrogen are passed up into the second reaction stage to form a processed product liquid and hydrogen-containing vapor effluent. This second stage vapor effluent is passed up into the first stage to provide at least a portion of the hydrogen for the first stage reaction. Additional product liquid may be recovered by cooling and condensing the purified contacting stage vapor effluent.
Abstract:
A process for hydroprocessing liquid petroleum and chemical streams in a single reaction vessel (100) containing two or more hydroprocessing reaction stages (110a, 110b, 110c). The liquid product from the first stage (110a) is stripped of H2S, NH3 and other gases, then sent to the next downstream reaction zone (110b). The product from the downstream reaction zone (110b) is also stripped of dissolved gases and sent to the next downstream reaction stage (110c) until the last reaction stage (110c), the liquid product of which is stripped of dissolved gases and collected or passed on for further processing. The flow of treat gas is in a direction opposite the direction in which the reaction stages (110a, 110b, 110c) are staged for the flow of liquid.
Abstract:
The invention is directed to a reactor (6) for reacting a feedstock, said reactor comprising, a fixed catalyst bed (5) for reaction of said feedstock, said reactor containing a bypass apparatus disposed within said fixed catalyst bed, said bypass apparatus being aligned with the direction of flow of said feedstock, and wherein said bypass apparatus comprise a cage member (2) comprising a first elongated hollow member (3) having a top wall, sidewalls and a bottom wall, said cage member having openings therein, and a second hollow elongated member (1) for passing said feedstock therethrough, said second hollow elongated member (1) being disposed within and protruding through said top wall of said cage member (2) and wherein said second elongated member (1) extends above said catalyst bed (5) through said cage member (2).
Abstract:
The invention is directed to a reactor (6) for reacting a feedstock, said reactor comprising, a fixed catalyst bed (5) for reaction of said feedstock, said reactor containing a bypass apparatus disposed within said fixed catalyst bed, said bypass apparatus being aligned with the direction of flow of said feedstock, and wherein said bypass apparatus comprise a cage member (2) comprising a first elongated hollow member (3) having a top wall, sidewalls and a bottom wall, said cage member having openings therein, and a second hollow elongated member (1) for passing said feedstock therethrough, said second hollow elongated member (1) being disposed within and protruding through said top wall of said cage member (2) and wherein said second elongated member (1) extends above said catalyst bed (5) through said cage member (2).
Abstract:
A hydroprocessing process for removing impurities from a feed (30) comprising a hydrocarbonaceous liquid comprises at least one cocurrent, upflow hydroprocessing reaction stage (18), a vapor-liquid contacting stage (20) and a downflow hydroprocessing reaction stage (12). The feed and hydrogen react in the upflow stage (18) to produce a partially hydroprocessed liquid and vapor effluent. The vapor contacts a hydrocarbonaceous liquid in the contacting stage (20), which transfers impurities from the vapor into the liquid. The impurities-enriched contacting liquid mixes with the upflow stage liquid effluent and the combined liquid effluents react with hydrogen in the downflow reaction stage, to form a hydroprocessed product liquid and vapor effluent. Additional product liquid is recovered by cooling and condensing either or both the contacting and downflow stage vapor effluents.
Abstract:
A hydroprocessing process including a cocurrent flow liquid reaction stage, a countercurrent flow liquid reaction stage and a vapor reaction stage in which feed components are catalytically hydroprocessed by reacting with hydrogen is disclosed. A hydrocarbon feed (50) and hydrogen (54) are passed via line (52) to a cocurrent reaction stage in vessel (12) in order to produce a mixed liquid and vapor effluent (56). The mixed liquid and vapor effluent (56) is separated in flash zone (22) in vessel (16). The liquid effluent is subjected to a countercurrent reaction stage with hydrogen (58) in vessel (16) in order to produce a liquid effluent (60). Next, the liquid stage effluents are combined and catalytically reacted in bed (20) with hydrogen to form a hydroprocessed vapor (62).