Abstract:
The present invention relates to a pressure-temperature swing adsorption process wherein gaseous components that have been adsorbed can be recovered from the adsorbent bed at elevated pressures. In particular, the present invention relates to a pressure-temperature swing adsorption process for the separation of C2+ hydrocarbons (hydrocarbons with at least 2 carbon atoms) from natural gas streams to obtain a high purity methane product stream. In more preferred embodiments of the present processes, the processes may be used to obtain multiple, high purity hydrocarbon product streams from natural gas stream feeds resulting in a chromatographic-like fractionation with recovery of high purity individual gaseous component streams.
Abstract:
Refractory or hard sulfur found in a hydrocarbon stream containing refractory sulfur heterocycle compounds, particularly those exhibiting steric hindrance, is removed from the stream by contacting it with a sodium reagent comprising a sodium component, having free sodium, supported on a solid support component. If the hydrocarbon stream contains more labile or easy sulfur, then it is treated, typically by hydrodesulfurization, to remove at least most of the labile sulfur before it is contacted with the sodium reagent. This is useful for bringing the sulfur level of middle distillate fuel streams, such as diesel and jet fuel fractions, down to a level of less than 10 wppm, employing conventional hydrodesulfurizing catalysts and conditions.
Abstract:
Liquid petroleum or chemical streams are upgraded by passing the stream countercurrent to the flow of a treat gas such as a hydrogen-containing gas in at least one reaction zone (r1, r2, r3). The reaction vessel (R) used in the practice of the present invention contains vapor passageway means (VB1, VB2, VB3, VB4, VB5) and optionally liquid passageway means (LD) to bypass one or more catalyst beds. This permits more stable and efficient reaction vessel operation.
Abstract:
A distillate fuel feed is hydrotreated to remove heteroatoms and then separated into light and heavy hydrotreated fractions, with the heavy fraction catalytically dewaxed to improve low temperature properties. The hydrotreating and dewaxing are conducted in separate stages, which may be in the same reactor vessel. Fresh hydrogen may be passed into the dewaxing stage, with the dewaxing stage gaseous effluent then passed into the hydrotreating stage to provide hydrogen for the hydrotreating. Existing hydrotreating reaction vessels and facilities may be retrofitted to add one or more dewaxing stages.
Abstract:
A reaction vessel for processing liquid petroleum or chemical streams wherein the stream flows countercurrent to the flow of a treat gas, such as a hydrogen-containing gas, in at least one interaction zone (r1, r2, or r3). The reaction vessel contains vapor, optionally liquid, passageways (VB1-5) to bypass one or more packed beds, preferably catalyst beds (r1-3). This permits more stable and efficient vessel operation.
Abstract:
Systems and methods are provided for combined cycle power generation while reducing or mitigating emissions during power generation. Recycled exhaust gas from a power generation combustion reaction can be separated using a swing adsorption process so as to generate a high purity CO2 stream while reducing/minimizing the energy required for the separation and without having to reduce the temperature of the exhaust gas. This can allow for improved energy recovery while also generating high purity streams of carbon dioxide and nitrogen.
Abstract:
A method and system for the selective removal of CO 2 and/or H 2 S from a gaseous stream containing one or more acid gases. In particular, a system and method for separating CO 2 and/or H 2 S from a gas mixture containing an acid gas using an absorbent solution and one or more ejector venturi nozzles in flow communication with one or more absorbent contactors. The method involves contacting a gas mixture containing at least one acid gas with the absorbent solution under conditions sufficient to cause absorption of at least a portion of said acid gas. The absorbent contactors operate in co-current flow and are arranged in a counter-current configuration to increase the driving force for mass transfer. Monoliths can be used that operate in a Taylor flow or slug flow regime. The absorbent solution is treated under conditions sufficient to cause desorption of at least a portion of the acid gas.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to methods and systems for removing polar molecule contaminants from a refinery stream in connection with the processing of hydrocarbon fluids, chemicals, whole crude oils, blends and fractions in refineries and chemical plants that include adding high surface energy and/or high surface area nanoparticle compounds to a refinery stream to remove the polar molecule contaminants.
Abstract:
A process for hydroprocessing liquid petroleum and chemical streams in two or more hydroprocessing stages (110a, 110b, 110c), which stages (110a, 110b, 110c) are in separate reaction vessels (100a, 100b, 100c) and wherein each reaction stage (110a, 110b, 110c) contains a bed of hydroprocessing catalyst. The liquid product from the first stage (110a) is sent to a stripping stage (160a) and stripped of H2S, NH3 and other dissolved gases. The stripped product stream is then sent to the next downstream reaction stage (110b), the product from which is also stripped of dissolved gases and sent to the next downstream reaction stage (110c) until the last reaction stage (110c), the liquid product of which is stripped of dissolved gases and collected or passed on for further processing. The flow of treat gas is in a direction opposite in which the reaction stages (110a, 110b, 110c) are staged for the liquid flow. Each stripping stage (160a, 160b, 160c) is a separate stage, but all stages (160a, 160b, 160c) are contained in the same stripper vessel (200).
Abstract:
In an internal combustion engine fuel system having a membrane separator for separating a primary fuel into a high octane fuel and a low octane fuel, and wherein the primary fuel is heated for separation in the membrane separator, the improvement comprising a heat pipe having an evaporator section positioned to be in the heat exchange relationship with exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine under conditions of use; and a heat output area in heat exchange relationship with a primary fuel as it is fed into the separator whereby the primary fuel is heated. In one embodiment the heat pipe is a varia~ e conductance heat pipe having a top operating temperature not greater than about 160°C.