摘要:
A reduced puffing needle coke is formed, which includes a reduced nitrogen content within the coke so that the coke particles do not experience as much puffing during the formation of graphitized carbon articles produced from such coke upon heating to graphitization temperatures.
摘要:
The process for treating a hydrocarbon-based heavy residue (1), in particular bituminous residues with a high asphaltene content, comprises the following operations: A) bringing the heavy residue to be treated to a temperature within the range of 325-500° C.; B) subjecting the heavy residue to be treated to a substantially adiabatic expansion in an environment at a pressure equal to or lower than about 0.1 bara, and at a temperature equal to or lower than 450° C., so as to separate, from the heavy residue to be treated, a first less volatile fraction (17) having a boiling point at atmospheric pressure equal to or higher than 540° C. and whose solid and/or anhydrous residue prevalently contains asphaltenes insoluble in pentane and/or other residues insoluble in tetrahydrofuran. It allows a more effective flushing, and also to actuate the process in an extremely simple plant and without centrifugations.
摘要:
A solvent deasphalting of crude oil or petroleum heavy fractions and residues is carried out in the presence of a solid adsorbent, such as clay, silica, alumina and activated carbon, which adsorbs the contaminants and permits the solvent and oil fraction to be removed as a separate stream from which the solvent is recovered for recycling; the adsorbent with contaminants and the asphalt bottoms is mixed with aromatic and/or polar solvents to desorb the contaminants and washed as necessary, e.g., with benzene, toluene, xylenes and tetrahydrofuran, to clean adsorbant which is recovered and recycled; the solvent-asphalt mixture is sent to a fractionator for recovery and recycling of the aromatic or polar solvent. The bottoms from the fractionator include the concentrated PNA and contaminants and are further processes as appropriate.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a thermal extraction method, comprising: i) preparing a diterpenoid-containing biomass starting material comprising a species of the genus Taxus or Austrotaxus, wherein the biomass is reduced in size to an average diameter of less than about 2 cm in its smallest dimension; ii) introducing the reduced size biomass starting material into a thermal extraction system comprising a contained vessel, a heat source, and at least one recovery unit; iii) heating the reduced size biomass starting material to a temperature of from about 250°C to about 650°C; and iv) collecting a condensed thermal extract comprising: a) paclitaxel; and b) 13-acetyl-9-dihydrobaccatin III, wherein a) the ratio of the concentration of 13-acetyl-9-dihydrobaccatin III to the concentration of paclitaxel in the condensed thermal extract is approximately 10; b) the ratio of the concentration of 13-acetyl-9-dihydrobaccatin III in the condensed thermal extract to the concentration of 13-acetyl-9-dihydrobaccatin III in the starting material is at least 10; c) the residence time of the biomass starting material in the thermal extraction system is less than about 30 seconds; and d) the thermal extraction method is exclusive of a solvent extraction.
摘要:
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Separation von mineralischen Feststoffen aus bituminösen Baumaterialien, welche mineralische Feststoffe, Bitumen und Füllstoffe enthalten, umfassend ● Waschen des Baumaterials in einem Lösungsmittel, wobei ein Baumaterial-Lösungsmittel-Gemisch gebildet wird, ● Separieren der mineralischen Feststoffe mit einer Korngröße, welche größer als ein Korngrößengrenzwert ist, aus dem Baumaterial-Lösungsmittel-Gemisch, wobei ein Bitumen-Füllstoffe-Lösungsmittel-Gemisch gebildet wird, ● Separieren der Füllstoffe mit einer Korngröße, welche kleiner als ein Korngrößengrenzwert ist, aus dem Bitumen-Füllstoffe-Lösungsmittel-Gemisch, ● Separieren des Bitumens aus dem verbleibenden Bitumen-Lösungsmittel-Gemisch durch Verdampfen des Lösungsmittels, ● Durchführen aller Verfahrensschritte in einem für Lösungsmittel dichten, geschlossenen System und ● Auffangen und wieder Verflüssigen des in allen Verfahrensschritten verdampften Lösungsmittels. Ferner werden eine Abschöpfeinrichtung für eine eine Waschkammer umfassende Wascheinrichtung für eine Vorrichtung zur Separation von mineralischen Feststoffen aus bituminösen Baumaterialien, eine verbesserte Wascheinrichtung für eine Vorrichtung zur Separation von mineralischen Feststoffen aus bituminösen Baumaterialien sowie eine verbesserte Vorrichtung zur Separation von mineralischen Feststoffen aus bituminösen Baumaterialien vorgeschlagen.
摘要:
A bitumen and heavy oil upgrading process and system is disclosed for the synthesis of hydrocarbons, an example of which is synthetic crude oil (SCO). The process integrates Fischer-Tropsch technology with gasification and hydrogen rich gas stream generation. The hydrogen rich gas generation is conveniently effected using singly or in combination a hydrogen source, a hydrogen rich vapor from hydroprocessing and the Fischer-Tropsch process, a steam methane reformer (SMR) and autothermal reformer (ATR) or a combination of SMR/ATR. The feedstock for upgrading is distilled and the bottoms fraction is gasified and converted in a Fischer-Tropsch reactor. A resultant hydrogen lean syngas is then exposed to the hydrogen rich gas stream to optimize the formation of, for example, the synthetic crude oil. Partial upgrading and the commensurate benefits is detailed as well. A system for effecting the processes is also characterized in the specification.