Abstract:
An ebullated bed hydroprocessing system is upgraded using a dual catalyst system that includes a heterogeneous catalyst and dispersed metal sulfide particles to hydroprocess opportunity feedstocks (i.e., lower quality heavy oils or lower quality feedstock blends) while maintaining or increasing the rate of production of converted products. The dual catalyst system improves the ability of the upgraded ebullated bed hydroprocessing system to accommodate and withstand negative effects of periodic use of opportunity feedstocks (e.g., without significantly increasing equipment fouling and/or sediment production). In some cases, an upgraded ebullated bed reactor using the dual catalyst system can hydroprocess opportunity feedstocks while decreasing equipment fouling and/or sediment production.
Abstract:
An improved system and method for processing feedstocks in an ebullated-bed hydroprocessing reactor is provided in which hydrogen gas is dissolved in the fresh and recycled liquid feedstock by mixing and/or diffusion of an excess of hydrogen, followed by flashing of the undissolved hydrogen upstream of the reactor inlet, introduction of the feed containing dissolved hydrogen into the ebullated-bed hydroprocessing reactor whereby the dissolved hydrogen eliminates or minimizes the prior art problems of gas hold-up and reduced operational efficiency of the recycle pump due to the presence of excess gas in the recycle stream when hydrogen gas was introduced as a separate phase into the reactor.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method of making an irradiated wood product, the molecular weight of the carbohydrate-containing material contained in said wood product being thus increased; as well as to an irradiated wood product.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method of making one or more organic acids comprising contacting a biomass feedstock comprising a cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic material, pre-treated by irradiation, with one or more micro-organisms and/or enzymes to saccharify the pre-treated biomass material, and converting the product of saccharification to one or more organic acids.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method of generating carboxylic acid groups on a lignocellulosic feedstock material by irradiation using an electron beam in air.