摘要:
The invention shows an apparatus (1) and a method for detecting at least one periodically occurring defect (8) on an object (3), in particular on a metal strip, in which at least one time signal (7) is recorded from the moving object (3) using a measuring method, the time signal (7) is converted into a quality function (9) using a stochastic method and one or more periodic signals (7') in the time signal (7) are inferred on the basis of this quality function (9) in order to thereby detect at least one periodically occurring defect (8) on the object (3). In order to obtain advantageous method properties, it is proposed to convert the time signal (7) recorded by means of the measuring method, in particular the electromagnetic measuring method, into the quality function (9) using a model-based estimation method, in particular using a maximum likelihood method.
摘要:
To find frequency slots over which cognitive radio can send an opportunistic transmission, a wideband spectrum is searched with a lower resolution to identify bandwidth slices having low or no signal levels. The identified bandwidth slices are searched with a higher resolution. Candidate frequency slices are selected as those bandwidth slices having least signal levels after the higher resolution searching, and ranked from lowest signal level to highest. A spectrum detection algorithm is executed on the selected candidate frequency slices in the order of the rank until it is decided that one of them has sufficiently free spectrum. A transmission is then opportunistically sent on the decided candidate frequency slice. Ongoing the searching, intermittent signals are detected and a band about them is searched with the lower resolution to determine if the band about the detected intermittent signal is an identified bandwidth slice. Various techniques are shown for how the fine search is conducted.
摘要:
In the signal quality measurement device of the present invention, a spectrum measurement circuit (101) includes: an N-(where N is an integer equal or greater than 2) phase clock generation circuit (304) for supplying phase-modulated signals in which the phase of a clock signal is shifted by a phase modulation amount each time the settings of the phase modulation amount are switched; a mixer circuit (303) for taking the product of a measured signal that is supplied from a transmitter and the phase-modulated signals that are supplied from the N-phase clock generation circuit (304); an average value output circuit (305) for supplying an average voltage value of the output signal of the mixer circuit (303); a memory (307) for storing the average voltage value supplied from the average value output circuit (305) for each phase modulation amount of the N-phase clock generation circuit (304); and arithmetic unit (308) for using the average voltage value for each phase modulation amount of the N-phase clock generation circuit (304) that is stored in memory (307) to calculate the signal strength of the measured signal.
摘要:
A measurement instrument is provided with an FFT module providing a frequency domain output; and a power calculator connected to the frequency domain output to measure power statistics for a test signal of arbitrary length. In some embodiments, a spectrum integration module is provided to calculate the power contained within a frequency band. In an embodiment, a filter/averaging module is provided to compute signal power statistics over an arbitrary time period. Accumulators may be provided to store data related to maximum power, minimum power, average power, or peak to average power. A CCDF module may be provided in some embodiments to calculate CCDF related measurements. Also provided are methods of making power statistic measurements.
摘要:
A system and method for determining a received signal frequency by sampling the received signal at a rate less than the nyquist rate. The system includes a distorting component configured to distort the received signal in a frequency dependent manner, at least one analog to digital converter configured to sample the received signal and the distorted signal at a rate less than the nyquist rate, and a processing component configured to determine a frequency of the received signal based on the sampled received signal and the sampled distorted signal. The method includes distorting the received signal, sampling the received signal and the distorted signal at a rate less than the nyquist rate, and determining a frequency of the received signal. In an embodiment, distorting includes at least one of distorting an amplitude or a group delay of the received signal.