摘要:
An ion filter used for an electron multiplier is provided. The ion filter has an insulating substrate (11), a first conductive layer (12) formed on one main surface of the insulating substrate (11), a second conductive layer (13) formed on the other main surface of the insulating substrate (11), and a plurality of through-holes (30) formed along the thickness direction of the insulating substrate (11). The ion filter is configured such that a first thickness (th1) of the first conductive layer (12) is different from a second thickness (th2) of the second conductive layer (13).
摘要:
There is provided a glass substrate (15) for electronic amplification having through holes (14) formed on a plate-like glass member (11) and used for causing an electron avalanche in the through holes (14), wherein a shape of the glass substrate (15) for electronic amplification and a material of the glass member (11) are determined so that an insulation resistance in a plate thickness direction per plane of 100 cm 2 is 10 7 to 10 11 Ω.
摘要:
A novel detector for a charged particle beam system which includes multiple gas amplification stages. The stages are typically defined by conductors to which voltage are applied relative to the sample or to a previous stage. By creating cascades of secondary electrons in multiple stages, the gain can be increased without causing dielectric breakdown of the gas.
摘要:
An irradiation apparatus for irradiating by scanning a target volume according to a predetermined dose profile with a scanning beam of charged particles forming an irradiation spot on said target volume, said apparatus comprising: a beam generating device; a reference generator for computing, from said predetermined dose profile, through a dynamic inverse control strategy, the time evolution of commanded variables, these variables being the beam current I(t), the spot position settings x(t), y(t) and the scanning speed settings vx(t), vy(t); a monitor device having means for detecting at each time (t), the actual spot position as a measured position defined by the values xm(t), ym(t) on the target volume, characterised in that said irradiation apparatus further comprises means for determining the differences ex(t), ey(t) between the measured values xm(t), ym(t) and the spot position settings x(t) and y(t), and means for applying a correction to the scanning speed settings vx(t) and vy(t) depending on said differences ex(t), ey(t). The present invention is also related to a monitor for determining beam position in real-time.
摘要:
An alternating electromagnetic field in the radiofrequency range is applied in a gaseous environment (4). Free electrons produced in the gas (4), by an ionising source of radiation (5) or by interaction of a charged particle beam with a specimen, are acted upon by the alternating electromagnetic field and undergo an oscillatory motion resulting in multiple collisions with the gas molecules or atoms. Amplified electron and photon signals are generated in a controlled discharge, proportional to the initial number of free electrons, and are collected by suitable means (6, 7, 8). The alternating field is generated either by electrodes (1, 2) biased with an alternating voltage, or by a coil driven by an AC current, and may be superposed with a static electric field. The detection device may be used with instruments such as electron microscopes, in ion beam technologies, and with instruments used for detection of ionising radiations such as proportional counters.
摘要:
Ein ortsempfindlicher Detektor zum Nachweis von radioaktiver Strahlung, insbesondere von Beta-Strahlung, befindet sich mindestens 5 mm oberhalb der Probenplatte (P), wobei letztere auf einem negativen Potential liegt. Durch eine Optimierung der dadurch erzeugten Saugspannung mit dem Abstand zwischen Probenplatte und Detektor läßt sich je nach Typ der nachzuweisenden Strahlung eine Optimierung der Ortsauflösung erzielen.