摘要:
A powder for sustained release of a gas including a hydrophilic core, a hydrophobic layer on an outer surface of the hydrophilic core, and particles in contact with the hydrophobic layer. The hydrophobic layer contains an acid releasing agent. The particles contain an anhydrous material capable of binding with water. The core, the particles, and the hydrophobic layer are substantially free of water, and the core is capable of generating and releasing a gas after hydrolysis of the acid releasing agent.
摘要:
A method for controlling the temperature and/or space velocity of exhaust gas to control the maximum temperature of the exhaust gas to prevent thermal damage to the Diesel engine components and associated aftertreatment devices during regeneration of the aftertreatment devices. The method includes controlling intake and/or exhaust valve opening timing and duration, either singly or in combination with selective individual cylinder cutout, in response to sensed engine operating parameters.
摘要:
An in-cylinder ion sensor (24) provides a signal representative of the air/fuel ratio of the charge mixture as an engine starts. The signal representative of the air/fuel ratio is used as a feedback signal for an electronic control unit (12) to perform cold-start closed-loop control during an initial operating period from a cold-start before an on-board oxygen sensor is able to warm up. After reaching a functional operating temperature, the oxygen sensor (30) provides a signal that is used as an adaptive calibration tool which allows the electronic control unit to calibrate the ion sensor signal and use that signal for controlling the air/fuel ratio during cold start operation.
摘要:
The invention relates to swirl plate (18) for a non-engine based exhaust component rapid ageing system. The swirl plate has central bore (255) together with inner swirl jets (253) and outer swirl jets (242), each adapted to direct air inward towards the direction of central bore (255). Three sets of turbulent jets (248, 249, 250) also direct air towards the central bore (255).
摘要:
Methods and apparatuses for laser ignition in an internal combustion engine. Laser radiation is directed to an ignition location within a combustion chamber with adaptive optics, and the position of the ignition location is adaptively adjusted during operation of the engine using the adaptive optics. Multiple ignition locations may be provided during a cycle of an internal combustion engine. A first pulse of laser radiation is directed to a first ignition location within a combustion chamber with adaptive optics, and a second pulse of laser radiation is directed to a second ignition location within the combustion chamber using the adaptive optics.
摘要:
Novel methods and blends for controlling rheology and transition temperature of photocurable mesogens while maintaining low polymerization shrinkage and without adversely affecting mechanical strength and stability of the cured resins.
摘要:
Methods and systems reconstruct and verify aortic blood pressure waveforms from peripheral blood pressure waveform data using mathematical models. The models combine analytical models of pulse wave propagation in the cardiovascular system with empirical models derived from measurements taken from human subjects. When used to reconstruct the aortic pressure of a given subject, the models are adjusted to the subject and the subject's physiological state based upon measurements performed on the subject's cardiovascular system.
摘要:
Fuel cell electrodes comprising a minimal load of catalyst having maximum catalytic activity and a method of forming such fuel cell electrodes. The preferred method comprises vaporizing a catalyst, preferably platinum, in a vacuum to form a catalyst vapor. A catalytically effective amount of the catalyst vapor is deposited onto a carbon catalyst support on the fuel cell electrode. The electrode preferably is carbon cloth. The method reduces the amount of catalyst needed of a high performance fuel cell electrode to about 0.3 mg/cm2 or less, preferably to about 0.1 mg/cm2. The electrocatalytic layer formed comprises unique, rod-like structures.
摘要:
A system and method for identifying and correcting abnormal oscillometric pressure pulse waves detects oscillometric pressure pulse waves produced by a cardiac muscle of a living subject, identifies abnormal oscillometric pressure pulse waves and corrects the amplitudes of oscillometric pressure pulse waves produced by arrhythmias. Thus, the arrhythmic oscillometric pressure pulse waves may be retained by an oscillometric blood-pressure measurement system for use in determining a living subject's blood pressure. The system and method of this invention preferably identify abnormal oscillometric pressure pulse waves not produced by arrhythmias as artifacts. The oscillometric pressure pulse waves identified as artifacts may then be rejected by an oscillometric blood-pressure measurement system to improve the accuracy of a blood-pressure measurement.