Abstract:
The invention relates to the use of an olefin/carboxylic acid copolymer, wherein the copolymer contains at least one free carboxylic acid side group, or of a nitrogen compound quaternized with epoxide in the presence of an olefin/carboxylic acid copolymer, wherein the copolymer contains at least one free carboxylic acid side group, as a fuel additive or lubricant additive. The invention further relates to methods for producing such additives and fuels and lubricants to which such additives have been added, for example, in particular, as a detergent additive, for reducing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines, in particular in common-rail injection systems, for reducing the fuel consumption of direct-injection diesel engines, in particular of diesel engines having common-rail injection systems, and for minimizing the power loss in direct-injection diesel engines, in particular in diesel engines having common-rail injection systems, and as an additive for gasoline fuels, in particular for the operation of DISI engines.
Abstract:
The invention relates to the use of specific quaternised nitrogen compounds which are also subjected to specific transesterification or amidation, as a fuel and lubricant additive or kerosene additive, such as in particular as a detergent additive, for decreasing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines, in particular in common rail injection systems, for decreasing the fuel consumption of direct-injection diesel engines, in particular of diesel engines having common rail injection systems, and for minimizing the power loss in direct-injection diesel engines, in particular in diesel engines having common rail injection systems. The invention further relates to the use as an additive for petrol, in particular for operation of DISI engines.
Abstract:
Process for producing a lignocellulosic substance, in which, based in each case on the lignocellulosic substance: A) 30% to 95% by weight of lignocellulose particles; B) 1% to 25% by weight of expanded plastics particles having a bulk density in the range from 10 to 150 kg/m3; C) 1% to 50% by weight of a binder selected from the group consisting of aminoplast resin, phenol-formaldehyde resin and organic isocyanate having at least two isocyanate groups, and optionally D) additives are mixed and are then pressed at elevated temperature and under elevated pressure, characterized in that component B) comprises a formaldehyde scavenger.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing a light lignocellulosic material having an average density in the range of 200 to 600 kg/m3, and comprising, on basis of the lignocellulosic material: A) 30 to 95 wt % of lignocellulose particles; B) 1 to 25 wt % of expanded plastic particles having a bulk density in the range of 10 to 100 kg/m3; C) 3 to 50 wt % of a binding agent, selected from the group of aminoplast resin, phenol formaldehyde resin, and organic isocyanate having at least two isocyanate groups; and optionally D) additives are mixed and then pressed under increased temperature and increased pressure, characterized in that the expanded plastic particles are obtained from expandable plastic particles having a content of propellant in the range of 0.01 to 4 wt % relative to the expandable plastic particles.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing polyesterols from at least one base polyesterol and at least one additional reagent. According to said method, (a) the base polyesterol(s) and the additional reagent(s) are mixed and (b) the mixture produced in (a) passes through a reactor containing at least one packing section with an immobilised enzyme that is situated on a support, allowing the base polyesterol(s) and the additional reagent(s) to be converted into the polyesterol.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing highly-branched melamine polymers, according to which melamine with 1.5 to 4 mol of one or several diamines or polyamines per mol of melamine, said diamines or polyamines having at least two primary amino groups, is reacted in the presence of an acidic catalyst. According to the invention, up to 25 mol % of the diamines or polyamines can have three or more primary amino groups and up to 50 mol % of the diamines or polyamines can be substituted by amines with only one primary amino group.