Abstract:
An internal combustion engine, preferably a two stroke engine, having a cylinder head (12) at one end of the cylinder (5), a piston (6) mounted for reciprocation in the cylinder (5), a cavity (13) in the cylinder head (12) and a fuel injector nozzle located in the cavity (13) in the cylinder head (12) to deliver fuel into the cavity (13) in a direction towards the piston (6). The piston (6) having a bowl (31) in the top thereof positioned to intersect the path of delivery of the fuel from the injector nozzle. A rim (32) extending around the periphery of the bowl (31) and upstanding from the top surface of the piston (6). The bowl (31) and rim (32) effecting containment of the fuel particularly during high fueling rates to control the combustion process.
Abstract:
A method using concurrently and simultaneously certain control factors for in-cylinder combustion, at least two of such factors being at levels never tried before by the prior art. The combination of control factors comprises: (i) high pressure charging of supply air for enhanced excess oxygen; (ii) advanced techniques for improved in-cylinder mixing of fuel and air (i.e., high swirl, reentraining piston bowl configuration, high compression ratio); (iii) high pressure injection of diesel fuel at levels of 1.1 X 10⁵ - 1.5 X 10⁵ kPa (16-22 x 10³ psi); (iv) smaller fuel nozzle ports for creating finer droplet size; (v) retardation of fuel injection from TDC by 2-5/; and (vi) limitation of the ingress of lubricating oil into the combustion chamber by use of noncompressed cylinder sleeves to enhance piston to bore concentricity and preferably by other augmenting limits.
Abstract:
A direct injection-type diesel engine includes a piston head (5) formed with a novel piston combustion chamber (6), with an inner wall surface composed essentially of ceramic material having a low thermal conductivity. The combustion chamber has a reduced opening diameter (d) of not more than 55% of the bore diameter to enhance a squish air flow out of the clearance space between the piston and the cylinder head, and has a maximum diameter (x) of not less than 128% of the opening diameter (d). This construction allows significant reduction of smoke, unburnt hydrocarbon and particulates in the exhaust gas, as well as minimization of thermal loss of the engine.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a piston (20) for a cylinder (16) of a two-stroke internal combustion engine (10), the engine having an auxiliary air inlet port (26) which communicates with a cavity (40) within the crown structure of the piston (20) as the piston passes through bottom dead centre. The cavity and contained air promotes and aids the combustion process to enhance low speed power, torque and evenness of engine running by reducing or eliminating engine pre-combustion "knock".
Abstract:
In a combustion chamber for diesel engines, to reduce the temperature of the wall surface contacted by the injected fuel (25), the inner wall includes a fuel-impinging area (12) formed of a metallic material, and a remaining area which at least partly is formed of a ceramic material (24) or the like heat-resisting material. The arrangement serves to achieve an effective exhaust gas clarification, including the minimization of NOx emission, and to realize increased power output and reduced fuel consumption of the engine.
Abstract:
A combustion chamber arrangement in a direct injection type diesel engine, having a cavity (6) at the top of a reciprocating piston (2) to form a combustion chamber (4), and a fuel injection unit for injecting the fuel toward the cavity. A part of the inner circumferential wall of the cavity (6) is formed in a concave arc shape and constitutes a concave fuel reflecting surface (7b). The concave fuel reflecting surface (7b) is such that the injected fuel is reflected at the concave fuel reflecting surface (7b) and the course of the reflected fuel (G) is shifted continuously from the peripheral region of the cavity toward the central region of the cavity during the upward movement of the piston, to thereby causing a burning flame to propagate from the peripheral region of the cavity toward the central region of the cavity.
Abstract:
Brennraum, der zwischen einem Zylinderkopf und einem Kolben einer Hubkolben-Brennkraftmaschine vorgesehen ist und mit einer oder mehreren Zünd- und Einspritzvorrichtungen versehen ist, wobei die Gaswechselsteuerung im Brennraum durch zwei Einlaßventile und zwei Auslaßventile des Zylinderkopfs erfolgt, und mit folgenden Merkmalen:
a) die Zündvorrichtung (13) erstreckt sich in einer Mittellängsachse (C-C) des Zylinders (2); b) die Einspritzvorrichtungen (14, 15) verlaufen im wesentlichen im gleichen Winkel zur Mittellängsachse (C-C) des Zylinders (2); c) der Kolben umfaßt auf der dem Zylinderkopf (4) zugekehrten Seite eine kugelförmige Ausnehmung (16), deren Radius (R) auf der Mittellängsachse (C-C) des Zylinders (2) liegt; d) der Kolben (11) ist auf der dem Zylinderkopf (4) zugekehrten Seite außerhalb der Ausnehmung (16) zur Bildung einer Quetschfläche (17) an eine dachförmige Brennraumbegrenzung (12) des Zylinderkopfs (4) herangeführt.