Abstract:
A method of reduction treatment of metal oxides characterized by using as a material a powder containing metal oxides and containing alkali metals and halogen elements and further, in accordance with need, carbon, mixing said material with water to produce a slurry, then dehydrating this and charging the dehydrated material, mixed with another material in accordance with need, into a rotary hearth type reduction furnace for reduction.
Abstract:
A method of incorporating a material in a settable binder is disclosed. The binder includes a source of caustic magnesium oxide. The method involves mixing the material with the binder, either as part of a slurry or for subsequent formation into a slurry, and then adding a setting agent to the slurry. The Setting agent is added to enhance setting of the binder. The material can be a hazardous waste material or components thereof. The inventors have surprisingly discovered that when the setting agent is added after mixing of the material with the binder, that a superior setting of the material in the binder can be achieved. The settable composition can comprise only a caustic magnesium oxide binder and a setting agent for the binder, as the inventors have surprisingly discovered that there is no need for any other binding agents, thus providing a simpler binder composition and method of use.
Abstract:
A material and method for removal of environmental oxyanions (and especially phosphates), the material comprising a substrate such as a clay modified with complexing elements selected from Group IIIB, Group IVB, and lanthanide elements (or a mixture of such elements). The resultant modified substrate can bind oxyanions and make them unavailable for utilisation in the environment; in the case of phosphates, by algae and the like. The method includes forming a capping of material at the sediment/water interface, applying the material in the form of pellets at the sediment/water interface, or injecting the pellets into the sediment.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing, from a clumpy digestion sludge, a useful product formed of fine, separate particles. According to the invention, clumpy digestion sludge is fed simultaneously with solid material or inorganic and/or organic origin, and air into the grinder which operates on the principle of a double-action impact mill, in which digestion sludge is comminuted into small particles typically
Abstract:
The invention relates to a known method for treating waste water in a biological sewage plant. The waste water is subjected to a bacterial metabolism in a biological treatment stage. The waste water is subsequently extracted from sludge in a partition stage and is supplied to a thickening stage. At least one part of the sludge of the partition stage or the thickening stage is subjected to an oxidative ozone treatment and is at least partially supplied back to the biological treatment stage, whereby said part is the return-sludge. The aim of the invention is to provide a cost-effective method for the ozone used, whereby said method has a high coefficient of utilisation and is based upon the known method. To this end, the ozone treatment comprises a treatment phase wherein ozone-containing return-sludge is subjected to a pressure burden. A device being appropriate for carrying out said method is provided with a biological reactor (3) for receiving and biologically treating waste water. An ozone treatment plant (2) is used for subjecting return-sludge to an oxidative ozone treatment. A supply device (14; 15) for supplying ozone-containing gas into the return-sludge is provided. A pressure treatment chamber (8) is arranged downstream in relation to said supply device. Ozone-containing return-sludge is subjected to a pressure burden in the pressure treatment chamber.
Abstract:
A system for treatment of particle bearing liquid comprises control means (100) and an homogeniser valve (46), said control means being operable to cause a gap defined by the homogeniser valve to be periodically temporarily increased thereby to allow any accumulated particulate matter to pass through the valve, the valve then continuing to provide an homogenisation of subsequently flowing liquid when the valve returns to its normal mode of operation.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for the high-pressure electrocoagulative treatment of aqueous and viscous fluids and sludge is provided. The apparatus includes a plate and frame design utilizing mechanical closure on a plurality of recessed, gasketed, non-electrically conductive electrocoagulation spacer plates that completely enclose and isolate all fluids, electrical contacts, and electrodes within the confines of the apparatus. The spacer plates include intergral supports that position and support said plates with enclosed electrodes on top of the side rails of the supporting frame of the apparatus allowing said plates to be separated for electrode replacement and maintenance and conversly closed, pressured and put into service. The apparatus includes a baffled influent and effluent chamber at both ends for the addition and flash mixing of chemical reagents and/or flocculants and to provide a means of fluid communication between fluid conduits and chambers formed within the apparatus.
Abstract:
An organic matter such as sewage sludge (101) is treated by gasifying the organic matter into a combustible gas and using the combustible gas as a fuel for a gas engine or a gas turbine to recover power (energy). In a method of treating the organic matter, an organic matter as a raw material is dried in a drying process (51), the dried raw material is gasified to produce a generated gas (123), and the sensible heat from the generated gas and/or a combustion gas produced by gasification is recovered by using a heating medium in a recovery process. Then, the heating medium heated in the recovery process is introduced into the drying process as a heating medium gas for drying.
Abstract:
Bei einem Verfahren zur Abtrennung von Schwermetallen aus phosphorhaltiger Klärschlammasche wird diese auf eine Temperatur oberhalb der Siedepunkte der Oxichloride oder Chloride der zu entfernenden Schwermetalle erwärmt. Die so erwärmte Klärschlammasche wird mit einer Chlorgas enthaltenden, sauerstoffarmen, Atmosphäre in Kontakt gebracht und die sich bildenden gasförmigen Oxichloride oder Chloride der Schwermetalle werden getrennt aufgefangen und somit von der Asche separiert.
Abstract:
The subject matter of the invention is a method and set-up for manufacturing products from waste materials. The method of manufacturing products from waste materials is characterized by the fact that waste material of water content above 20% is mixed rapidly, i.e. for 2 to 20 minutes, with a reacting substance of very high capacity for binding water and producing hydration heat, advantageously with ground burnt lime of high reactivity with parameter 0.5 minutes 60