摘要:
An incident electromagnetic wave-field, preferably in the ultraviolet, visible or infrared spectral range, that is spatially varying in one dimension can be correlated with a fixed, one-dimensional test function, by means of a photo detector consisting of a multitude of rectangular photosensitive elements whose relative lateral widths vary in proportion to the local amplitude of the test function. Several such spatial correlation tracks for different test functions can be arranged in the direction perpendicular to the width modulation direction. Each correlation track provides the degree of correlation of the incident wave-field with a particular test function, by determining the correlation of these two signals in the optical domain, without the need for an additional analog or digital processor. This invention is particularly advantageous for application in optical encoders for the determination of lateral or rotational spatial displacement.
摘要:
A parallel positioning mechanism comprises a base (1), the platform (4) and three arm assemblies (5, 6, 7, 8, 9) linking the platform (4) to the base (1), each of the arm assemblies (5, 6, 7, 8, 9) comprising a primary actuator (5) that is attached to the base (1) and moves an upper arm portion (6, 7, 8), and a lower arm portion comprising a parallel linkage (9) linking a distal end of the upper arm portion (6, 7, 8) with the platform (4). At least one of the arm assemblies (5, 6, 7, 8, 9) the upper arm portion (6, 7, 8) is articulated in that it comprises a first member (6) actuated by the corresponding primary actuator (5), and a second member (8) to which the parallel linkage is attached, and which second member (8) is rotatable with respect to the first member (6) around a secondary axis (2), allowing for an additional degree of freedom of the platform (4).
摘要:
A new pixel in semiconductor technology comprises a photosensitive detection region (1) for converting an electromagnetic wave field into an electric signal of flowing charges, a separated demodulation region (2) with at least two output nodes (D10, D20) and means (IG10, DG10, IG20, DG20) for sampling the charge-current signal at at least two different time intervals within a modulation period. A contact node (K2) links the detection region (1) to the demodulation region (2). A drift field accomplishes the transfer of the electric signal of flowing charges from the detection region to the contact node. The electric signal of flowing charges is then transferred from the contact node (K2) during each of the two time intervals to the two output nodes allocated to the respective time interval. The separation of the demodulation and the detection regions provides a pixel capable of demodulating electromagnetic wave field at high speed and with high sensitivity..
摘要:
Ce dispositif de lecture d'informations (I i,j ) dans un ensemble (I) de composants électroniques (p i,j ) reliés à un bus de communication, pour la transmission de ces informations via le bus de communication, comporte des moyens de lecture de valeurs contenues dans au moins une partie des composants électroniques de cet ensemble ayant une valeur à transmettre, et un circuit d'arbitrage (10) pour la transmission successive des valeurs lues via le bus de communication. Le circuit d'arbitrage (10) comporte des moyens de mise en circulation d'un unique jeton d'autorisation de transmission de valeur lue, entre les composants électroniques (p i,j ) ayant une valeur à transmettre.
摘要:
A pixel (1) is formed in a semiconductor substrate (S) with a plane surface for use in a photodetector. It comprises an active region for converting incident light (In) into charge carriers, photogates (PGL, PGM, PGR) for generating a lateral electric potential (F(x)) across the active region, and an integration gate (IG) for storing charge carriers generated in the active region and a dump site (Ddiff). The pixel (1) further comprises separation-enhancing means (SL) for additionally enhancing charge separation in the active region and charge transport from the active region to the integration gate (IG). The separation-enhancing means (SL) are for instance a shield layer designed such that for a given lateral electric potential (F(x)), the incident light (In) does not impinge on the section from which the charge carriers would not be transported to the integration gate (IG).
摘要:
A solid-state charge sensor with high dynamic range and low readout noise comprises a semiconductor area (S) where charge is created and stored, an output gate (PG), a low-capacitance sense diffusion (sense), an overflow gate (OFG) and a high-capacitance overflow-charge-handling structure (OCH) that has either linear or non-linear charge-voltage response. The sense diffusion is employed for the high-sensitivity detection of low charge signals; the charge-handling structure (OCH) is used when larger charge signals are present, and the voltage on the overflow gate (OFG) defines the crossover point from small to large charge signals. A preferred application of the charge sensor is in photosensing of radiation. Photocharges can be generated and stored either in photodiodes or under photogates (PG), allowing the use of correlated double sampling techniques for the effective suppression of reset noise.
摘要:
The method serves for canceling errors caused by mismatch of different signal paths in a photodetector with a plurality (k) of storage elements for the photogenerated signals, as typically used in phase-measurement systems. The signal-capturing process is performed in at least two measurement cycles (j). A first cycle (j = 1) is executed with the conventional setup with no phase delay in the control signals. It is followed by further measurement cycles (j = 2, 3, 4) which use control signals shifted by a constant phase shift (90°). Corresponding signals are read out through different signal paths. At the end, the signals corresponding to a certain phase (Φ) are added, thus canceling possible offset values.
摘要:
The pixel (1) for use in an image sensor comprises a plurality of small-sized radiation-sensitive elements (2.1-2.9) for converting incident radiation into electric signals, the radiation-sensitive elements (2.1-2.9) being properly interconnected to form a larger radiation-sensitive area. The pixel (1) further comprises a plurality of storage elements (3A-3D) for storing the electric signals. The pixel further comprises transfer means for transferring the electric signals from the radiation-sensitive elements (2.1-2.9) to any selected one of the storage elements (3A-3D). The pixel (1) exhibits a high optical sensitivity and a high demodulation speed, and is especially suited for distance-measuring sensors based on the time-of-flight (TOF) principle or interferometry.
摘要:
Ce dispositif de mesure de la position relative d'un motif (10) comportant un marquage spatialement périodique ou quasi périodique par une mesure de décalage de phase à l'aide d'au moins un signal de référence comporte un réseau (26) de détecteurs (24) d'ondes électromagnétiques (22) rétro diffusées par le marquage pour la génération d'un signal de marquage et une unité (36) de calcul d'un déphasage du signal de marquage par rapport au signal de référence. Il comporte en outre des moyens (36a) d'estimation d'une fréquence spatiale du marquage et des moyens (36b) de réglage automatique de la fréquence du signal de référence en fonction de la fréquence spatiale estimée.
摘要:
A diffractive optical filter comprises a bulk material (1) having a first refractive index, a volume diffraction grating structure (2,3) having a second, different, refractive index embedded in the bulk material (1), and a mirror(4) formed within or on the surface of the bulk material (1) behind the grating structure (2,3). By placing the mirror (4) immediately behind the grating structure (2,3) the diffractive structure is effectively doubled and consequently the number of effective optically active layer is doubled. Such diffractive optical filters may be used as diffractive identification devices bonded to articles whose authenticity needs to be established.