摘要:
A method and apparatus for determining the phase and amplitude accuracy of continuous-phase-modulated signals is described. A modulated RF signal generated by a transmitter is down converted to a relatively low intermediate frequency which is filtered and sampled by a high sampling rate analog-to-digital converter. A digital signal processor processes the digital signals to produce a measured phase function corresponding to the modulated RF signal. From the measured amplitude and phase functions, an estimate of the ideal reference phase function corresponding to the modulated RF signal is calculated and synthesized. The reference phase function is compared to the measured phase function to determine the phase function from which the modulated RF signal phase error and frequency error are computed.
摘要:
A phase-frequency discriminator comprising a first RS latch coupled to provide first output signals, said first RS latch including an S input terminal coupled to receive first input signals; a second RS latch coupled to provide second output signals, said second RS latch including an S input terminal coupled to receive second input signals; a third RS latch including an S input terminal coupled to a Q(Boolean not) output terminal of said first RS latch and including a Q(Boolean not) output terminal couples to an R input terminal of said first RS latch and including a Q(Boolean not) output terminal coupled to an R input terminal of said first RS latch; a fourth RS latch including an S input terminal coupled to a Q(Boolean not) output terminal of said second RS latch and including a Q(Boolean not) output terminal coupled to an R input terminal of said second RS latch; and reset means for providing a reset signal when said first and second input signals both have changed from a first to a second logical state such that the first and second output signals change back from the second to the first logical state after a reset time interval substantially long enough for the respective first and second output signals to reach full logic amplitude levels for the second logical state.
摘要:
A programmable time advance circuit functions to offset the inherent delay in a printed circuit board test system (107) used to provide a clock signal (106) that exactly matches the clock signal (129) of a printed circuit board under test (103). A clock advance signal (104) is inserted into a phase locked loop (140) to advance the timing of the clock signal generator circuit (101) to compensate for the delay occasioned by the system components.
摘要:
Oxygen determination based on luminescence quenching of fluorescent dye is effected by using the frequency output of an offset-phase locked loop (15) to calculate the time constant for the exponential decay of fluorescence. An offset phase angle between a periodic stimulus signal used to excite the dye and a response signal based on fluorescence detection is predetermined to optimize signal-to-noise ration for a wide range of time constants. An offset-phase locked loop (15) is used to vary the frequency of a periodic stimulus signal until the predetermined phase relationship is established, and the frequency forms a measure of the decay rate. Where the stimulus and response signals are substantially sinusoidal, the offset phase angle is ideally about 49.3°, although substantially optimal performance is achieved using a more conveniently generated 45°. The 45° angle offset can also be used with a square-wave stimulus signal.
摘要:
A phase detector for indicating the magnitude of a phase difference between two electrical signals applied to it, is provided with means for introducing a deliberate phase shift into one of the signals so that the measured phase difference never closely approaches 0° or a multiple of 360°. The detector is capable of providing a smooth output signal over a very wide range of phase difference which can exceed many multiples of 360°. Furthermore, the phase comparator is never required to perform measurements in those regions of least accuracy close to zero phase difference.
摘要:
Eine Meßschaltung zur Phasenmessung gepulster Hochfrequenz-Signale besitzt einen Phasendetektor (2), der einen Meßsignaleingang (1) und einen Referenzsignaleingang (3) aufweist und der aus der Phasendifferenz zwischen Meßsignal und Referenzsignal ein Phasendifferenzsignal erzeugt, das einer Sample & Hold-Schaltung (4) zugeführt wird, die daraus eine Gleichspannung erzeugt. Die Gleichspannung wird einem Phasenkorrekturspeicher (8) eingegeben, in dem eine Korrektur der Nichtlinearität des Phasendetektors erfolgt. An den Meßsignaleingang (i) und den Referenzsignaleingang (3) ist eine Amplitudengewinnungsschaltung (6) angeschlossen, die die Amplitude des Meßsignals und des Referenzsignals ermittelt. An den Ausgang der Amplitudengewinnungsschaltung (6) ist ein Amplitudenkompressionsspeicher (10) angeschlossen, der eine mit der Signalamplitude steuerbare Dichte der Kennlinienkorrekturen vornimmt. Die Ausgänge der Sample & Hold-Schaltung (4) und der Amplitudenkompressionsschaltung (10) steuern den Phasenkorrekturspeicher (8), der die Verzerrung der Phasenkennlinie korrigiert.
摘要:
A system (Fig. 3) and method for detecting an abnormality in a network (10) for distributing or transmitting electric power at a predetermined fundamental frequency. The system produces a signal (40) representing the fundamental frequency and another signal (42) representing a harmonic current occuring in the network. The phasor relation between the fundamental voltage and harmonic current representing signal are compared (44). The system produces a signal (82) indicating the occurence of a high impedance fault in response to a predetermined change in the compared phasor relationship. Embodiments (Figs. 5 and 6) are disclosed utilizing expression of signals within the network in polar coordinates, as well as embodiments (Fig. 11) utilizing signals expressed in rectangular coordinates. Such embodiments include both circuitry for detecting zero crossing phenomena, as well as circuitry for producing representation of signal phasor products.