摘要:
Embodiments of the invention provide a control valve assembly and method of fault detection that includes adjusting a valve between an operating position and a fault position in response to various fault conditions. The control valve assembly is adjustable to accommodate fault conditions encountered in a variety of electrochemical deionization systems.
摘要:
Aspects of embodiments relate to a method for treating water received at a treatment system. The method may include reducing the hardness of the water by subjecting the water to electrolysis by an electrolytic hardness reducer; and substantially removing disinfectant from the water by irradiating the water with ultraviolet light by a UV disinfectant reducer. The method may further include sanitizing the electrolytic hardness reducer and/or sanitizing the UV disinfectant reducing apparatus by running hot water through either one or both of them.
摘要:
Provided are electrochemical devices that are rechargeable, where an electrolyte stream whose electrolyte is electrochemically inert is supplied to an ion concentrate compartment between a bipolar membrane and an electrode, thereby eliminating a potential for scale build-up. When strong or weak cation resins are used in a product compartment of an electrochemical device, acid water produced can be used to soak and clean an ion concentrate compartment next to an electrode, such as the cathode.
摘要:
Systems and methods for treating water may involve a first electrochemical separation module that includes at least one ion exchange membrane having a first set of performance characteristics, and a second electrochemical separation module that includes at least one ion exchange membrane having a second set of performance characteristics that is different than the first set of performance characteristics. Performance characteristics may relate to at least one of water loss, electrical resistance, and permselectivity. Staged treatment systems and methods may provide improved efficiency.
摘要:
The present invention relates to an improved electrodeionization (EDI) module and apparatus adapted to transfer ions present in a liquid under the influence of an electric field.
摘要:
Provided is an electrodeionization apparatus for producing deionized water, capable of removing or reducing a biased flow of electric current in a deionization chamber. In the electrodeionization apparatus for producing deionized water, at least one deionization treatment unit including the deionization chamber and a pair of concentration chambers adjacent to both sides of the deionization chamber is disposed between a cathode and an anode. In the deionization chamber, anion exchanger layers and cation exchanger layers are stacked in an order in which a last ion exchanger layer through which water to be treated passes is an anion exchanger layer. A bipolar membrane is formed on the cathode side of the anion exchanger layer in the deionization chamber. The anion exchange membrane of the bipolar membrane is in contact with the anion exchanger layer.
摘要:
Described herein are modified sulfonated block copolymers which comprise at least two polymer end blocks A and at least one polymer interior block B, wherein each A block contains essentially no sulfonic acid or sulfonate functional groups and each B block comprises sulfonation susceptible monomer units and, based on the number of the sulfonation susceptible monomer units, from about 10 to about 100 mol % of a functional group of formula (I) —SO2—NR1R2 (I) or of a salt thereof, methods of making them as well as methods of using them, e.g., as membrane materials for electrically or osmotically driven applications.