摘要:
The invention relates to a method and apparatus of removing sulphate, calcium and/or other soluble metals from waste water wherein NaOH and AI(OH)3 are contacted at a temperature of at least 60°C and the molar ratio NaOH:AI(OH)3 at least 1.0, for preparing sodium aluminate, the waste water is contacted with the obtained sodium aluminate and a first calcium compound for producing a sludge containing ettringite, a solid-liquid separation is performed for the sludge containing ettringite for separating solids from the liquid thereby producing a first solution, the first solution is contacted with a carbonating agent for neutralising the first solution and precipitating calcium contained in the first solution as calcium carbonate, and a solid-liquid separation is performed for separating precipitated calcium carbonate from the first solution in order to obtain water having a reduced sulphate, calcium and/or other soluble metals content.
摘要:
A method for operating an organic wastewater treatment apparatus, and an organic wastewater treatment apparatus in which a plurality of membrane separation devices are immersed in a treatment tank are provided. By adjusting an amount of air diffusion or a flow rate of permeated liquid based on an actual state of the water to be treated inside the treatment tank, it is possible to effectively avoid fouling of the entire membrane separation device. The operation method operates an organic wastewater treatment apparatus in which the treatment tank (4b) is provided with a plurality of membrane separation devices (6) immersed therein. The treatment tank (4b) is divided into a plurality of regions (R1~R4) and an amount of air diffusion and/or a flow rate of permeated liquid are/is set for each of the membrane separation devices (6) immersed in a corresponding region, based on a measured value of a sludge characteristics measuring means (S1~S4) disposed in the corresponding region (R1~R4).
摘要:
The invention relates to a method of recovering energy and water from pressure oxidation flash steam comprising a step wherein a first flash steam directly obtained from a flash vessel is contacted with a first recirculating condensate having a first low condensate temperature to con-dense at least part of the water vapour comprised in the said first dirty flash steam on the first recirculating condensate and simultaneously to heat the said first recirculating condensate to obtain a first recirculating condensate having a first high condensate temperature and a first vent steam. The invention further relates to a pressure oxidation arrangement adapted for recovering energy from pressure oxidation flash steam and to a use of high temperature condensate and to a use of a direct contact condenser for recovery of energy and water from a pressure oxidation flash steam.
摘要:
The present invention relates to an improved process for treating high sulphate waters. In particular, the present invention relates to an improved process by which ettringite is used to treat high sulphate waste waters by controlled precipitation of sulphate and metal ions.
摘要:
A method for treating waste water containing ammonia comprising the steps of: i) passing the waste water as a feed solution through a first RO membrane (24) to produce a first permeate stream (30) and a first reject stream (32), ii) adjusting the pH of the first reject stream (32) to >9, iii) passing the first reject stream (32) through a second RO membrane (26) to produce a second permeate stream (36) containing ammonia and a second reject stream (38), and iv) passing at least a portion of the second permeate stream (36) to a cooling tower (12) to evaporate at least a portion of the ammonia.
摘要:
The invention relates to bio-electrochemical systems for treating wastewater, and sour gas produced by anaerobic digestion of organic material. The invention further relates to novel anode/cathode pairing schemes, and electric and hydraulic architectures for use in bio-electrochemical systems.
摘要:
There is provided a water purification catalyst element (100). The catalyst element (100) comprises a porous support (102) having a first surface (106) and a second surface (110). The first or the second surface (106, 110) delimit a conduit (114) through the catalyst element (100). A material (104) comprising a noble metal is supported on the porous support (102). At least the first surface (106) is coated with a coating material (108) permeable to hydrogen gas and impermeable to water, and at least the second surface (110) is water-permeable. This catalyst element (100) can selectively convert nitrites and/or nitrates to N2 gas and can be used to provide a cost efficient and/or maintenance free water purification setup. There is also provided a water purifier (200) comprising the catalyst element (100), a beverage maker (300) comprising the water purifier (200), a method (1800) of water purification and a method (1900) of making the catalyst element (100).
摘要:
The invention relates to a process for the selective precipitation of at least one conjugate base and/or at least one metal cation from an acidic preparation by neutralization as well as the use of an aqueous slurry of at least one calcium carbonate source for the selective precipitation of at least one conjugate base and/or at least one metal cation from an acidic preparation by neutralization.
摘要:
The present invention provides for a method for separating starch from processing solutions containing starch containing plants or roots such as potatoes, sweet potatoes, wheat, corn, tapioca, yams, cassaya, sago, rice, pea, broad bean, horse bean, sorghum, konjac, rye, buckwheat and barley to provide commercially acceptable starch while reducing disposal of solid or liquid waste matter into landfills or water treatment facilities.