摘要:
Apparatus for controlling, with a microprocessor, the temperature of a fluid sample (3) in a liquid bath (8) over a wide temperature range. The device is operative to measure the temperatures of the sample (3) and the bath (8); to determine a desired temperature of the bath (8) according to a first function of the first difference between a desired sample temperature and the measured sample temperature when the absolute value of the first difference is greater than a predetermined value and according to a second function of the first difference when the absolute value is not greater than the predetermined value; and subsequently to limit the desired bath temperature thus determined to the desired sample temperature plus a given value when the second difference between the desired bath temperature and the desired sample temperature is greater than the given value and to the desired sample temperature minus the given value when the second difference is less than the negative of the given value. The device heats or cools the bath (8) as a function of the third difference between the desired bath temperature determined and limited as described above and the measured bath temperature to effect a difference of zero.
摘要:
A vibration-type viscosity measuring apparatus comprises a pair of vibrator subassemblies 4 that can be resonated as a tuning fork. Each of said pair of vibrator subassemblies constituting a tuning fork has at the free end a sensor plate 11 comprising a thin metal plate to be inserted into a sample 35, a detector 14 is provided for detecting electrically the amplitude of said vibrator subassemblies that will be driven together with said sensor plates at the same frequency in reverse phase relation to each other, the amplitude varying in response to the viscosity resistance of said sample encountered by said sensor plates, and a thermometer probe 21 is provided at the intermediate point between said sensor plates and can be inserted together with said pair of sensor plates into said sample thereby allowing the viscosity and the temperature of said sample to be measured simultaneously.
摘要:
Block (1) for pavement characterized in that belt-like portions (2) are formed around the entire periphery of the upper surface of the block by cutting off the periphery in such a manner as to be recessed inward, and to form steps between the beltlike portions (2) and the upper surface of the block (1). According to this structure, the upper end portions of adjacent blocks do not come into mutual contact when they push each other, so that the breakage rate of the blocks can be reduced i remarkably.
摘要:
An apparatus (11) for measuring the viscosity of a substance has a tuning fork type vibrator (15) having two opposed vibrating elements (16). The vibrating elements (16) are vibrated at equal frequencies in inversed phase relation to each other by means of a variable frequency generator (25, 26, 27). The vibrating elements (16) have thin plate-like sensing members (18) provided at their respective lower ends. The amplitude of vibration when the sensing members (18) are immersed in a viscous substance is detected by a pickup device (23) which detects a change in amplitude according to the viscous resistance of the viscous substance thereby to measure the viscosity thereof. The viscosity measuring apparatus (11) has means for regulating the frequency of the vibration generator so as to vary the frequency according to need.
摘要:
Apparatus for controlling, with a microprocessor, the temperature of a fluid sample (3) in a liquid bath (8) over a wide temperature range. The device is operative to measure the temperatures of the sample (3) and the bath (8); to determine a desired temperature of the bath (8) according to a first function of the first difference between a desired sample temperature and the measured sample temperature when the absolute value of the first difference is greater than a predetermined value and according to a second function of the first difference when the absolute value is not greater than the predetermined value; and subsequently to limit the desired bath temperature thus determined to the desired sample temperature plus a given value when the second difference between the desired bath temperature and the desired sample temperature is greater than the given value and to the desired sample temperature minus the given value when the second difference is less than the negative of the given value. The device heats or cools the bath (8) as a function of the third difference between the desired bath temperature determined and limited as described above and the measured bath temperature to effect a difference of zero.