Abstract:
A method of detecting the presence and position of labelled material in a sample in which the labelled material either gives of light or can be stimulated to do so. The sample is imaged onto an image intensified CCD camera which is scanned following each exposure. Measurements are performed on the data signals so obtained, to identify clusters of data values from adjacent regions of the CCD array caused by light emitted by the image intensifier incident on those regions. The measured signal values are compared with at least one threshold so as to distinguish clusters resulting from light emitting regions of labelled material from the remainder of the sample and the centroid of each light produced cluster of data values is computed with reference to the camera array, and a signal value corresponding to the centroid coordinates is stored in a memory together with the centroid coordinates of any other light produced clusters identified during the same interrogation. The coordinates from each of a succession of interrogations of the same sample may be stored in an accumulation store to enable a list of the recorded light emissions and/or display of the events, to be produced by reading out the store. Apparatus for performing this method is also described.
Abstract:
A system for aspirating and ejecting microvolume drops (26) of liquid onto porous sites of a substrate wafer includes a microdispenser (16) employing a piezoelectric transducer (60) attached to a glass capillary (62), a means for priming and aspirating transfer liquid (24) into the microdispenser (16), for controlling the pressure of the system liquid (20), and for washing the microdispenser (16) between liquid transfers, and a pressure sensor (14) to measure the system liquid pressure and produce a corresponding electrical signal. The drops are generally in the 10 to 100 micron range and the pores are generally 10 to 10,000 times smaller than the diameter of the drops deposited thereon. The resulting spots are uniform, and only slightly larger in diameter of the drops. The drops are ejected from a distance greater than the diameter of the drops, thus avoiding any contact with the dispenser that could damage the wafer. The system detects dispensing of a drop onto the reaction site.
Abstract:
A fibre optic epi-fluorescence imaging system in which the optical fibres are rearranged so that the system can be used for measuring luminescence samples. The system comprises at least two optical fibres (32, 46) or bundles of fibres which lead to a CCD camera (74), the fibres or bundles of fibres from all samples being arranged in two sets, a first set which are formed from a non-fluorescing material and a second set which are formed from a material which may fluoresce but enables the fibres formed therefrom to have a higher numerical aperature than those of the first set.
Abstract:
A system for imaging radiation emitted by assay couples into a photoeletric detector, the system including a fibre optic bundle (100) for conveying light to the detector, wherein a microlens (118), preferably a drum leans, is located at the impact end of the fibre optic bundle to match the field of view of the bundle to a potential area of interest in a sample.
Abstract:
A system for dispensing precise quantities of a transfer liquid (24) is described. The system comprises an enclosed space (214, 234, 235) containing a fluid column, the fluid column including the transfer liquid (24) and a system liquid (20). The enclosed space has an outlet (36) and the column is arranged with the transfer liquid (24) being adjacent to the outlet (63) and the system liquid (20) being distant to the outlet (63). Means (218) are provided for supplying the system liquid (20) into the fluid column (24, 20); and means are present for providing the transfer liquid (24) into the enclosed space (214, 234, 236). The system further includes means (212) for dispensing a quantity of the transfer liquid (24) as at least one droplet out of the outlet (63) without introducing any fluid into the enclosed space (214, 234, 236) during dispensing, means (244) for sensing pressure change in the enclosed space resulting from the volume of the transfer liquid being dispensed and means (224) for converting the pressure change to a volume of the transfer liquid (24) dispensed by the dispensing means (212), wherein ejection of individual drops of the transfer liquid (24) can be detected by the means for sensing pressure change (244).
Abstract:
A fibre optic epi-fluorescence imaging system in which the optical fibres are rearranged so that the system can be used for measuring luminescence samples.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for preventing or limiting damage to capillaries used to dispense microdrops measures the voltage produced by a piezoelectric transducer when the capillary contacts a solid surface or the phase shift occurring when the piezoelectric transducer is operated at its resonant frequency. After distinguishing the voltage created from such contact from the voltage produced from unrelated random sources, corrective action is taken, in one aspect by stopping the relative movement of the capillary and the surface being contacted. The method and apparatus may also be employed to determine the position of a solid or liquid surface.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for cleaning the interior of capillary tubes (62) used to dispense 1 to 100 micron diameter liquid droplets by a piezoelectric transducer (60) surrounding each capillary tube. Magnetic particles are aspirated into the capillary tubes and moved by an exterior magnet to cause deposits on the interior walls to be dislodged and subsequently discharged from the capillary tube. In a preferred embodiment, the magnetic particles are coated with a material capable of binding such deposits.
Abstract:
An optical system for imaging a multiwell sample plate onto a CCD camera, wherein light from the illuminated sample plate (26) is imaged by one or more lenses (20, 24) onto a fibre optic taper (22), bonded to the input face of the camera (28).