摘要:
This invention provides for sulfate removal from a water source by a reverse osmosis (RO) or nanofiltration (NF) process where the concentrate stream is treated to precipitate and remove reject sulfate and recycle the discharged concentrate water and any backwash water used to clean a filter used to prepare feed water for the RO or NF process.
摘要:
A high recovery sulfate removal process comprises treating a feed water stream conditioned with antiscalant from a source with a reverse osmosis membrane system to produce a purified water permeate stream and a reject stream containing the retained or rejected ions and organic matter. The reject stream is further treated to remove dissolved and suspended species. The reject stream flows to a desaturation/clarification process. A preferred process includes a constant stirred tank reactor (CSTR) where co-precipitation agent is added followed by a clarifier. Water recycled from the clarifier overflow is blended with feed water stream. The removed solids are collected as sludge or a slurry and disposed of in a manner consistent with applicable regulations.
摘要:
An electrochemical separation system may be modular and may include at least a first modular unit and a second modular unit. Each modular unit may include a cell stack and a frame. The frame may include a manifold system. A flow distribution system in the frame may enhance current efficiency. Spacers positioned between modular units may also enhance current efficiency of the system
摘要:
An electrochemical separation system may be modular and may include at least a first modular unit and a second modular unit. Each modular unit may include a cell stack and a frame. The frame may include a manifold system. A flow distribution system in the frame may enhance current efficiency. Spacers positioned between modular units may also enhance current efficiency of the system
摘要:
An electrical purification apparatus and methods of making same are disclosed. The electrical purification apparatus may provide for increases in operation efficiencies, for example, with respect to current efficiencies and membrane utilization.
摘要:
An electrical purification apparatus and methods of making same are disclosed. The electrical purification apparatus may provide for increases in operation efficiencies, for example, with respect to current efficiencies and membrane utilization.
摘要:
An electrochemical separation system may be modular and may include at least a first modular unit and a second modular unit. Each modular unit may include a cell stack and a frame. The frame may include a manifold system. A flow distribution system in the frame may enhance current efficiency. Spacers positioned between modular units may also enhance current efficiency of the system.
摘要:
Reverse electrodialysis (RED) may be used to neutralize acid and caustic effluent waste streams, such as in the semiconductor industry. Power may be generated while waste streams are treated by converting chemical energy into electric energy. A bipolar membrane may be integrated into the RED system. Alternatively, an anion exchange membrane and a cation exchange membrane may be overlapped and used in place of a bipolar membrane. A cell pair with four membranes and four chambers, without a bipolar membrane, may also be implemented.
摘要:
Ultraviolet reactors having an ultraviolet light source for treating a fluid are disclosed. In one embodiment, a reactor is disclosed which includes a vessel having an inlet for receiving fluid and an outlet for discharging fluid. The vessel further includes a plurality of segmented baffles. The baffles further include a partial circumferential edge section that terminates in a vertical edge section to form right and left segmented baffles. The left and right segmented baffles are arranged in an alternating pattern in the vessel to provide plug flow and enhanced radial mixing.
摘要:
Electrochemical separation devices are configured for lower energy consumption. Techniques for reducing shadow effect may involve providing distance between a spacer screen and an adjacent ion-selective membrane. A spacer having a screen that is thin relative to a surrounding frame may be used. Mild pressure may also be applied to a compartment to promote distance between a spacer screen and an adjacent ion-selective membrane.