摘要:
The invention relates to a spacer, cell and membrane for an ion-exchanging process, and a method for operating such process, and a method for providing a membrane connected to a corresponding spacer part. The spacer according to the invention comprises: -a first part comprising a first material; and -a second part comprising a second material, wherein at least one material is an ion exchanging material. Preferably, both the materials of the first and second part of the spacer are ion conductive materials and wherein preferably the spacer parts are provided with openings that extend substantially in one direction wherein in use these openings of adjacent spacer parts extend substantially perpendicular to each other.
摘要:
An electrodialysis unit 8 comprises a plurality of cathodes 68, a plurality of anodes 70 and a plurality of membranes 71; wherein the cathodes 68 and anodes 70 are arranged alternately in an electrode stack, with membranes 71 in between each cathode 68 and anode 70; and wherein the cathode 68 and the anode 70 are each formed of a single conductive plate such that both surfaces of the cathode plates and anode plates enclosed within the electrode stack are, in use, in conductive contact with the water being treated.
摘要:
Provided is a water treatment system in which the ratio of removal of ions of a scale component can be increased. A water treatment system is equipped with: a pair of electrodes (11, 13) which face each other and can be electrically charged so as to have opposite polarities to each other; an interelectrode flow path (15) which is arranged between the electrodes (11, 13) and through which water containing ions can flow; and ion exchange membranes (12, 14) each of which is arranged on the interelectrode flow patch (15) side of each of the electrode (11, 13) and enables the ions to flow to the electrode (11, 13) side. The water treatment system is also equipped with a desalination unit (10) in which a desalination treatment for adsorbing the ions onto each of the electrodes (11, 13) to desalinate the water and a regeneration treatment for desorbing the ions from each of the electrodes (11, 13) are carried out. One (14) of the ion exchange membranes enables bivalent cations, which are contained in the water containing the ions, to selectively flow to the electrode (13) side.
摘要:
An electrodialysis machine (10) for desalinating water with a high concentration of dissolved salts, comprising, between two heads (11, 12), two opposite electrode chambers (13, 14), which contain electrodes (15, 16) having opposite polarities, between which a plurality of reaction chambers of two alternating types are arranged, first ionic enrichment chambers (17) and second ionic depletion chambers (21), each chamber of a first type being open onto a laterally adjacent chamber of the second type by interposition of an ion-conducting membrane (19, 20); the first chambers (17) are hydraulically connected to each other and to the heads so as to form a first hydraulic circuit (21) for the transit of a first water flow (22) with ionic enrichment; the second chambers (18) are hydraulically connected to each other and to the heads so as to form a second hydraulic circuit (23) for the transit of a second water flow (24), which is being desalinated; there are hydraulic means (27) for the exchange of first (22) and second (24) water flows.
摘要:
In some aspects, an apparatus for controlling pH and/or ionic strength in a vessel is provided, In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises, a vessel in fluid communication with a first side chamber and a second side chamber, wherein the vessel does not comprise an electrode; the first side chamber divided from the vessel by an anion selective membrane or a cation selective membrane, and the first side chamber comprising an electrode; and the second side chamber divided from the vessel by a membrane, the second vessel comprising an electrode, wherein the electrode of the first side chamber and the electrode of the second side chamber are capable of forming a circuit connected via a solution, when present, in the vessel and the first and second side chambers.
摘要:
An electrical purification apparatus and methods of making same are disclosed. The electrical purification apparatus may provide for increases in operation efficiencies, for example, with respect to current efficiencies and membrane utilization.
摘要:
We report an electro-deionization (EDI) device having split flow arrangement for the purification of second pass RO permeate water with high flow rate in which the feed water is fed through the center port and is diverted into each section of dilute chamber with equal flow rate, producing two product streams. The EDI device has concentrate chambers adjacent to dilute chambers in two sections of the stack, allowing independent flow through the separate sections. The split flow design reduces resin bed depth requirement for processing of second pass RO permeate water. This results in higher flow rate through the stack, elimination of the pressure drop limitation, and reduction of power consumption per unit volume of water.
摘要:
An electrodeionization apparatus and a method for operating the apparatus are provided. With this, concentration diffusion of boron from a concentrating chamber can be suppressed to obtain product water having a very low boron concentration. Raw water in introduced into a desalting chamber 16, and product water is discharged from the desalting chamber 16. A part of the product water is introduced into a concentrating chamber 15 in a single pass in the direction opposite to the flow in the desalting chamber 16. Water discharged from the concentrating chamber 15 is drained out of a system. An inlet of the concentrating chamber 15 is provided at a side of an outlet for discharging product water from the desalting chamber 16, and an outlet of the concentrating chamber 15 is provided at a side of an inlet for introducing raw water into the desalting chamber 16. Concentrated water discharged from the concentrating chamber has a boron concentration of 500 times or less than that of the product water or of 10 ppb or less.