Abstract:
This invention pertains to integration of nonlinear parametric waveguide spectrometer (13) with a polyimide waveguide focusing mirror. The waveguide spectrometer uses nonlinear counter-propagating χ² interaction to simulate the action of a grating and produce the required chromatic dispersion. To map the near-field to far-field and separate different wavelength components, an organic-dielectric (e.g. polyimide/SiO₂) guide (18) and a 45° RIE etched mirror (16) were fabricated to simulate a concave focusing integrated mirror. The measured spot size at the focal plane of the mirror was about 0.7µm corresponding to about 1.6 Angstroms spectral resolution in agreement with the theoretical prediction. The device has good spectral resolution; however, the conversion efficiency is smaller than the theoretical prediction. Even with the low signal power level, the integrated device may be of use in applications that can take advantage of the visible output and do not require high power conversion efficiency.
Abstract:
An electrically pumped vertical cavity laser depends upon reflection as between an unaided distributed Bragg reflector (4) on one side of the cavity and a distributed Bragg reflector (8) supplemented by a metallic reflector (12) on the other. Placement of the shorter supplemented DBR on the p-conductivity type side of the cavity reduces the resistance of the electrical series pump path. Permitted use of an active region (1) of a thickness of 1µm or less in the lasing direction results in low lasing threshold. The structural approach is of significance for laser integration in integrated circuits, whether electro-optic or all-optic.
Abstract:
An electrically pumped vertical cavity laser depends upon reflection as between an unaided distributed Bragg reflector (4) on one side of the cavity and a distributed Bragg reflector (8) supplemented by a metallic reflector (12) on the other. Placement of the shorter supplemented DBR on the p-conductivity type side of the cavity reduces the resistance of the electrical series pump path. Permitted use of an active region (1) of a thickness of 1µm or less in the lasing direction results in low lasing threshold. The structural approach is of significance for laser integration in integrated circuits, whether electro-optic or all-optic.