摘要:
A process for preparing a selective composite membrane, having many practical applications, comprises synthetically impregnating at least some pores, of the upper layer containing the relatively smaller pores, in an asymmetric base membrane, with a filling material comprising an ordered macromolecular structure, by applying under superatmospheric pressure to the asymmetric base membrane, a solution of reactants adapted to interact with the formation of covalent bonds in the ordered macromolecular structure, wherein the dilution of said reactants is sufficiently low, and the pressure is sufficiently high and of such duration, so that formation of covalent bonds is initiated in pores of the upper layer as microreaction vessels and progresses within the pores of the upper layer, the reaction forming such covalent bonds being quenched at any desired stage.
摘要:
A process for reducing the content and volume of organic matter in a wastewater stream comprises contacting the latter with a nanofiltration device so as to obtain a concentrate, and a permeate as an aqueous stream containing any salts of non-precipitable metal ions which may be present, then contacting the concentrate with a preferably backflashable ultrafiltration device, and optionally also with activated carbon. This process may be part of a broader one which also removes other components from the wastewater stream. A module comprising (a) a nanofiltration device; (b) a preferably backflashable ultrafiltration device; (c) conduit(s) adapted to convey nanofiltration device concentrate to the ultrafiltration device; and optionally (d) a vessel containing activated carbon; as well as a system for treating a wastewater stream which includes this module, also form part of the invention.