摘要:
The invention relates to a method for the extractive separation of homogeneously dissolved catalysts from a reaction product from a hydrocyanation of unsaturated mononitriles to dinitriles, by extraction with a carbon material (K), characterised in that a) a non-polar aprotic liquid (F) is added to the reaction product to give a stream (I) and b) the stream (I) is extracted with a carbon material (K) at a temperature (T), to give a stream (II), containing the carbon material (K), enriched with the catalyst and a stream (III), stripped of catalyst.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method for producing biphenols of general formula (I) by reacting monophenols of general formula (II), wherein the radicals R1, R2 and R3 independently represent hydrogen, alkyl, aryl or arylalkyl, with 1 - 10 C-atoms, in the presence of an oxidation agent in a reactor. Said method is characterised in that a) the reactor does not contain any stationary integrated components which act as a current agitator, b) a maximum of 0,6 mol of oxidation agents are used per mol of monophenol, and c) the oxidation agent is added in a continuous or discontinuous manner in a plurality of portions within a time span of between 10 min - 24 hours, whereby the amount of oxidation agent which is added per time unit is not constant over the entire tine span, but is varied.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method for the extractive separation of nickel(0) complexes and phosphorus-containing ligands and/or free phosphorus-containing ligands from a reaction discharge of a hydrocyanation of unsaturated mononitries to dinitriles, by means of a hydrocarbon, the hydrocarbon and the reaction discharge being separated into two phases at a temperature T (in °C). The invention is characterised in that the content of nickel(0) complexes and phosphorus-containing ligands and/or free phosphorus-containing ligands in the reaction discharge of the hydrocyanation is at least y wt. %, depending on the temperature T, and a maximum of 60 wt. % independently of the temperature T. The numerical value of the minimum content y is indicated by the equation y = 0,5 T + 20, T being a dimensionless numerical value.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method for producing 3-pentenenitrile, characterised by the following steps: (a) isomerisation of an educt stream containing 2-methyl-3-butenenitrile on at least one dissolved or dispersed isomerisation catalyst to form a stream (1), which contains the isomerisation catalyst(s), 2-methyl-3-butenenitrile, 3-pentenenitrile and (Z)-2-methyl-2-butenenitrile; (b) distillation of the stream (1) to obtain a stream (2) as the overhead product, which contains 2-methyl-3-butenenitrile, 3-pentenenitrile and (Z)-2-methyl-2-butenenitrile and a stream (3) as the bottom product, which contains the isomerisation catalyst(s); (c) distillation of the stream (2) to obtain a stream (4) as the overhead product, which is enriched with (Z)-2-methyl-2-butenenitrile in comparison to stream (2), (in relation to the sum of all pentenenitriles in stream (2)) and a stream (5) as the bottom product, which is enriched with 3-pentenenitrile and 2-methyl-3-butenenitrile in comparison to stream (2), (in relation to the sum of all pentenenitriles in stream (2); (d) distillation of stream (5) to obtain a stream (6) as the bottom product, which contains 3-pentenenitrile and a stream (7) as the head product, which contains 2-methyl-3-butenenitrile.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method for the extractive separation of nickel(0) complexes and phosphorus-containing ligands and/or free phosphorus-containing ligands from a reaction discharge of a hydrocyanation of unsaturated mononitries to dinitriles, by means of a hydrocarbon, the hydrocarbon and the reaction discharge being separated into two phases at a temperature T (in °C). The invention is characterised in that the content of nickel(0) complexes and phosphorus-containing ligands and/or free phosphorus-containing ligands in the reaction discharge of the hydrocyanation is at least y wt. %, depending on the temperature T, and a maximum of 60 wt. % independently of the temperature T. The numerical value of the minimum content y is indicated by the equation y = 0,5 T + 20, T being a dimensionless numerical value.