Abstract:
Process for making vinyl acetate from biomass, comprising the step of reacting (I) ethylene with (II) acetic acid to give vinyl acetate, wherein (I) ethylene is provided, starting from biomass, by a process comprising (a) producing carbon oxides from biomass, or capturing carbon dioxide from ambient air, optionally followed by electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide; (b) electrochemical reduction of carbon oxides from step (a) to give ethylene; and/or (c1) reacting hydrogen and carbon oxides from step (a) in the presence of a catalyst to give methanol, (c2) reacting methanol from step (c1) to form ethylene; and/or (d1) producing ethanol from biomass by fermentation, (d2) dehydrogenating ethanol from step (d1) to give ethylene; and/or (e) directly producing ethylene from biomass by fermentation;
(II) acetic acid is provided, starting from biomass or carbon dioxide captured from ambient air, by a process comprising (f) reacting methanol from step (c1) with carbon monoxide to give acetic acid; and/or (g1) reacting part of the ethylene from steps (b), (c2), (d2) or (e) with oxygen and water to give acetaldehyde, and (g2) reacting acetaldehyde from step (g1) with oxygen to give acetic acid; and/or (h) oxidative fermentation of ethanol from step (d1) to give acetic acid; and/or (i) producing acetic acid from biomass by biomass pyrolysis.
Abstract:
A Process for making vinyl acetate, comprising the steps: (a) providing hydrogen with a deuterium content below 90 ppm, based on the total hydrogen content, by water electrolysis using electrical power that is generated at least in part from non-fossil, renewable resources; (b) providing carbon dioxide; (c) reacting hydrogen and carbon dioxide in the presence of a catalyst to form methanol with a deuterium content below 90 ppm, based on the total hydrogen content; (d) reacting methanol from step (c) to form ethylene; and (e) reacting methanol from step (c) with carbon monoxide to form acetic acid; and/or (f1) reacting part of the ethylene from step (d) with oxygen and water to give acetaldehyde; (f2) reacting acetaldehyde from step (f1) with oxygen to give acetic acid; (g) reacting acetic acid from step (e) and/or step (f1) with ethylene from step (d) to give vinyl acetate.
Abstract:
Process for cleaning soiled metal surfaces characterized in such cleaning is carried out using a composition that comprises at least one alkoxylated polyethylenimine (B) with a polydispersity Q=Mw/Mn of at least 3.5 and an average molecular weight Mw in the range of from 2,500 to 1,500,000 g/mol.