摘要:
An optical switching device comprising a first layer (1) having a first refractive index and having a first side where a coherent light is to be entered into the first layer and a second side opposite the first side, second and third layers (2,3) sandwiching the first layer, the second layer having a main surface, and electrodes (4,5) sandwiching the second and third layers for applying a voltage between the second and third layers, wherein a refractive index of the second layer can be changed from second to third and from third to second refractive indexes by an electro-optical effect using the voltage, the second refractive index being larger than the third refractive index, wherein the coherent light entering the first layer (1) is totally reflected by the second layer (2) when the second layer has the second refractive index, and at least part of the coherent light is transmitted through the second layer (2) toward the outside of the main surface of the second layer when the second layer has the third refractive index.
摘要:
A liquid crystal display device which comprises an orientation film and at least one charge transporting material doped in the orientation film, the charge transporting material and an amount thereof being sufficient to cause a leakage of an electric charge temporarily accumulated in the orientation film or a portion adjacent thereto, during an operation of the device, to thereby inhibit a formation of an electric bilayer in the device. Since the formation of an electric bilayer is inhibited, a generation of crosstalk and reduction of display characteristics such as memory properties of the LC display device can be effectively prevented.
摘要:
A ferroelectric liquid crystal is formed by incorporating, as the main component, a predetermined amount of a ferroelectric liquid crystal having a specific naphthalene ring structure into conventional liquid crystals. This liquid crystal composition has a broad driving temperature range and in particular; can be effectively driven even in a low-temperature region. Moreover, this liquid crystal composition has a high orientation uniformity, a high memory stability, and a high contrast ratio.
摘要:
A liquid crystal display device (40) comprising a layer of a ferroelectric liquid crystal material (41) sandwiched between opposed first and second electrodes (43, 46). The display device further comprises a dielectric layer (45) as a capacitative element which is electrically connected through an electrically conductive connecting means (47) to the first electrode (43) so that the dielectric layer (45) and the liquid crystal material (41) are connected in parallel to an external electric source. Such a display device can provide a display of large area which is capable of high information content, high contrast ratio and high gradation, together with a stablized memory effect.
摘要:
Super twisted nematic liquid crystal materials contain. at least one double chiral nematic liquid crystal compound of the following general formula: in which R₁ and R₂ may be the same or different and each represents a methyl group or an ethoxy group, m is an integer of 2 to 12, n is an integer of 2 to 12, and the symbols *¹ and *² each denote a chiral centre of an (S)- or (R)-modification of the compound, and liquid crystal display devices use such liquid crystal materials. The display devices can provide a high information content of 640 x 400 dots or more without cross-talk among the images.
摘要:
A phase transition-type liquid crystal composition including a mixture of ester-type liquid crystal compound and chiral nematic liquid crystal compound having added thereto at least one of ethane-type liquid crystal compound and bicyclohexane-type liquid crystal compound. This liquid crystal composition exhibitis an extended with (AV) of voltage hysteresis and therefore a stabilized homoetropic (H') state, when its voltage hysteresis curve is plotted. The liquid crystal display devices or elements using this composition have a fast response characteristic and enable a large scale or area. display and an input operation using keyboards.