摘要:
Disclosed are heat transfer fluids which possess a highly desirable and unexpectedly superior combination of properties, and heat transfer systems and methods based on these fluids. The heat transfer fluid comprise from about 30 to about 70 percent, on a molar basis, of carbon dioxide (CO2) and from about 30 to about 70 percent, on a molar basis, of hydrofluorocarbon (HFC), preferably HFC having one to two carbon atoms, and even more preferably trans-1,1,1,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFC-32). The preferred fluids of the present invention have a vapor pressure of at least about 100 psia at 40?F and are also preferably not azeotropic.
摘要:
Disclosed are methods of producing fluorinated alcohols which find particular use in the syntheses of pharmaceutical drugs. The methods comprise generally, the steps of (a) reacting a halogenated alkane with an alkyl vinyl ether to form an unsaturated halogenated aldehyde; (b) reducing the unsaturated halogenated aldehyde to form an unsaturated halogenated alcohol; and (c) reducing the unsaturated halogenated alcohol to form a fluorinated alcohol.
摘要:
A process for preparing 1-chloro-1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropane, CF3CH2CF2Cl, comprising contacting in a reaction zone in the substantial absence of oxygen, reactants comprising chlorine and 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, CF3CH2CHF2 (also referred to as HFC-245fa), and subjecting the reactants to actinic radiation, such as UV light at about 2,000 to 4,000 Angstroms, wherein: (1) inert gas is present at a concentration equal to or less than about 5 wt.% of the total weight of reactants; (2) the molar ratio of chlorine to CF3CH2CHF2 is from about 0.2:1 to about 1.5:1; and (3) the concentration of chlorinated product produced having greater than one chlorine present in the molecule is less than or equal to about 10 wt.%.
摘要:
Provided are methods of producing fluorinated alcohols from non-perfluorinated fluoroolefins and methanol. Certain preferred embodiments of such methods involve advantageously reacting a non-perfluorinated fluoroolefin with methanol under ambient-pressure and/or low-temperature conditions.
摘要:
The present invention generally relates to polymeric membrane materials formed, at least in part, from monomeric material selected from 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (CF3CF═CH2, HFO-1234yf) or trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (CF3CH═CFH, HFO-1234ze), and to membrane preparations and uses thereof in water desalination, filtration, membrane distillation, pervaporation, and selective gas separation.
摘要:
Provided are polymers derived from bridged heterocyclic compounds, fluorinated norbornene compounds, fluorinated alkenes, heterocyclic compounds, and combinations of two or more thereof for use in a wide variety of applications, including photoresist compositions. Also provided are methods for producing the monomer compounds for use in the present polymers.
摘要:
Disclosed are improved fluorination processes and fluorine-containing compositions which involve introducing to one or more fluorination process compositions a water reactive agent in an amount and under conditions effective to decrease the amount of water in that composition. The water reactive agent is preferably introduced to the fluorination reaction process at a location proximate to the site of the fluorination reaction, or upstream of the fluorination reaction, in amounts and under conditions effective to produce a relatively lower concentration of water in the composition, and preferably throughout the fluorination process.
摘要:
A process for producing a fluoroolefin of the formula: CF3CY=CXnHp wherein Y is a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom (i.e., fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine); X is a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom (i.e., fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine); nand p are integers independently equal to 0, 1 or 2, provided that (n + p) = 2; comprising contacting, in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst, a compound of the formula: CF3C (RlaR2b) C (R3CR4d) , wherein R?1, R2, R3, and R4¿ are independently a hydrogen atom or a halogen selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine, provided that at least one of R?1, R2, R3, and R4¿ is halogen and there is at least one hydrogen and one halogen on adjacent carbon atoms; a and b are independently = 0, 1 or 2 and (a+b) = 2; and c and d are independently = 0, 1, 2 or 3 and (c+d) = 3; and at least one alkali metal hydroxide. The alkali metal hydroxide can be, for example, potassium or sodium hydroxide and the phase transfer catalyst can be, for example, at least one: crown ether such as 18-crown-6 and ls-crown-S; or onium salt such as, quaternary phosphonium salt and quaternary ammonium salt. The olefin is useful, for example, as an intermediate for producing other industrial chemicals and as a monomer for producing oligomers and polymers.
摘要:
In accordance with the present invention, processes of synthesizing 3,3,3-trifluoropropyne from 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, and/or 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane are provided.