摘要:
A polymerisation process for the preparation of vinylic polymers from the corresponding vinylic monomers which process comprises the step of reacting a vinylic monomer in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a) a metal complex of general formula (I) where A is selected from the group consisting of nickel, iron, cobalt, chromium, manganese, titanium, zirconium, vanadium and the rare earth metals; L?1, L2, L3 and L4¿ are ligands and b) a Lewis acid of general formula (II) wherein at least one of W, Y or Z is capable of formming a co-ordination bond with A and the others of W, Y and Z are bulky groups; D is selected from the group consisting of aluminium, magnesium, zinc and boron.
摘要翻译:由相应的乙烯基单体制备乙烯基聚合物的聚合方法,该方法包括在存在催化剂体系的情况下使乙烯基单体反应的步骤,所述催化剂体系包含a)通式(I)的金属络合物,其中A选自基团 由镍,铁,钴,铬,锰,钛,锆,钒和稀土金属组成; L 1,L 2,L 3和L 4是配体和b)通式(II)的路易斯酸,其中W,Y或Z中的至少一个能够与A形成配位键,W ,Y和Z是庞大的群体; D选自铝,镁,锌和硼。
摘要:
Ethylenically unsaturated, particularly acrylic, monomers are polymerised using a catalyst system including a manganese carbonyl initiator, an organic halogen reactive substrate and an allylic halide chain termination agent. Desirably the manganese carbonyl initiator is a dimanganese compound, particularly dimanganese decacarbonyl (Mn2(CO)10). The catalysis mechanism appears to involve initiator homolysis, abstraction of halogen from the reactive substrate forming an organic free radical which acts as a chain initiator for polymerisation and eventual reaction of the propagating chain radical with the chain terminating agent. The speed or extent of reaction may be modified by the inclusion of Lewis acids in the reaction mixture. The resulting polymers are telechelic and may have different end groups. The polymers can be reacted further to functionalise them and/or to form block copolymers.
摘要:
A method of producing a polymer comprises the steps of forming a homogeneous reaction mixture comprising at least one addition polymerisable monomer, a supercritical fluid, and a stabiliser, wherein the stabiliser comprises a chain which is soluble in the supercritical fluid and a functional end-group which is not polymerisable by a free-radical mechanism, and polymerising said at least one monomer in the reaction mixture. In a preferred system for polymerising acrylic monomers, the fluid comprises supercritical carbon dioxide and the stabiliser comprises an acid-functionalised perfluoropolyether.
摘要:
A polymerisation process for the preparation of vinylic polymers from the corresponding vinylic monomers which process comprises the step of reacting a vinylic monomer in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a) a metal complex of general formula (I) where A is selected from the group consisting of nickel, iron, cobalt, chromium, manganese, titanium, zirconium, vanadium and the rare earth metals; L , L , L and L are ligands and b) a Lewis acid of general formula (II) wherein at least one of W, Y or Z is capable of formming a co-ordination bond with A and the others of W, Y and Z are bulky groups; D is selected from the group consisting of aluminium, magnesium, zinc and boron.
摘要翻译:由相应的乙烯基单体制备乙烯基聚合物的聚合方法,该方法包括在存在催化剂体系的情况下使乙烯基单体反应的步骤,所述催化剂体系包含a)通式(I)的金属络合物,其中A选自基团 由镍,铁,钴,铬,锰,钛,锆,钒和稀土金属组成; L 1,L 2,L 3和L 4是配体,和b)通式(II)的路易斯酸,其中W,Y或Z中的至少一个能够形成共 - 与A和W,Y和Z中的其他人之间的协调关系是庞大的群体; D选自铝,镁,锌和硼。
摘要:
A method of producing a polymer comprises the steps of forming a homogeneous reaction mixture comprising at least one addition polymerisable monomer, a supercritical fluid, and a stabiliser, wherein the stabiliser comprises a chain which is soluble in the supercritical fluid and a functional end-group which is not polymerisable by a free-radical mechanism, and polymerising said at least one monomer in the reaction mixture. In a preferred system for polymerising acrylic monomers, the fluid comprises supercritical carbon dioxide and the stabiliser comprises an acid-functionalised perfluoropolyether.
摘要:
Cleaning media based on liquid C02 and including from 0.01 to 5 % by weight of the formulation of a cleaning additive which is at least one C6 to C24 hydrocarbyl ester of a multi-carboxylic acid can be used in dry cleaning of textiles. Desirable cleaning additives are of the formula (1): R1(C02 R2 )n where R1 is the residue of a C1 to C10 hydrocarbyl group from which n hydrogen atoms have been removed, R2 is a C6 to C24 hydrocarbyl, particularly alkyl or alkenyl, group; and n is from 2 to 5; particularly C12 to C18 adipate esters.
摘要:
A curable composition capable of being cured to form a thermoformable cast poly(methacrylate) comprising at least from 95 % by weight of a syrup which is a solution of a poly(methacrylate) in a curable monomeric methacrylate, from 0.05 to 0.1 % by weight of at least one initiator capable of initiating the curing of the curable monomeric methacrylate, from 0.0001 to 0.0005 % by weight of a catalytic chain transfer agent which is or which is derived from a cobalt chelate, from 0.05 to 0.1 % by weight of a cross-linking agent; and optionally one or more of conventional additives selected from splitting aids, pigments, peak suppressors and stabilisers. A thermoformable sheet formed from such a composition and a thermoformed article produced from such a sheet. The thermoformable sheet does not need to be thermoformed at relatively high temperatures, has an acceptable Vicat Softening Point, does not emit unpleasant odours on heating and meets stringent industry standards.
摘要:
A method of spray reinforcing an article using a curable syrup of a poly((meth)acrylate) in a curable (meth)acrylate monomer and an aqueous dispersion of an organic peroxide which is capable of curing the syrup. The syrup and aqueous dispersion are intimately mixed and sprayed as a reactive spray. The reactive spray entraps suitable reinforcing material in flight towards the article to be reinforced. The use of an aqueous dispersion reduces environmental problems associated with solvent-based systems.