摘要:
A withdrawn electrode is formed on a silicon substrate with intervention of upper and lower silicon oxide films each having circular openings corresponding to regions in which cathodes are to be formed. Tower-shaped cathodes are formed in the respective openings of the upper and lower silicon oxide films and of the withdrawn electrode. Each of the cathodes has a sharply tapered tip portion having a radius of 2 nm or less, which has been formed by crystal anisotropic etching and thermal oxidation process for silicon. The region of the silicon substrate exposed in the openings of the upper and lower silicon oxide films and the cathode have their surfaces coated with a thin surface coating film made of a material having a low work function.
摘要:
A withdrawn electrode is formed on a silicon substrate with intervention of upper and lower silicon oxide films each having circular openings corresponding to regions in which cathodes are to be formed. Tower-shaped cathodes are formed in the respective openings of the upper and lower silicon oxide films and of the withdrawn electrode. Each of the cathodes has a sharply tapered tip portion having a radius of 2 nm or less, which has been formed by crystal anisotropic etching and thermal oxidation process for silicon. The region of the silicon substrate exposed in the openings of the upper and lower silicon oxide films and the cathode have their surfaces coated with a thin surface coating film made of a material having a low work function.
摘要:
The invention is a field-emission element having a cathode with a sharp apex and a gate with an aperture diameter less than 1 µm that is fabricated by covering a silicon substrate with a silicon oxide layer, forming an etching mask of 1.0 µm diameter from a silicon oxide layer by photolithography, wet-etching the etching mask to form a minute etching mask of less diameter, dry etching the substrate to form a cylindrical solid structure, followed by anisotropic etching to form a couple of minute conical-shaped structures facing each other and connected by their respective tops, vacuum evaporating around the minute structures an insulating layer and thereon a conducting layer for use as a gate electrode, and etching the minute structure to lift off the upper part of the minute conical shaped structures.
摘要:
A system for controlling the relation in position between a photomask and a wafer for use in manufacturing apparatus of a highly integrated circuit such as large scale integration (LSI). The position control system includes a coherent light source for generating two light beams which are different in frequency and polarizing direction from each other. The light beams from the coherent light source is introduced into a first diffraction grating and the diffracted light from the first diffraction grating selectively pass through a telecentric lens system and are led to second and third diffraction gratings respectively disposed on the photomask and the wafer. Light beat signals are obtained in correspondance with the diffracted light from the second and third diffraction gratings and the position relation between the photomask and wafer is controlled on the basis of the phase difference between the obtained light beat signals which corresponds to the position difference between the photomask and the wafer.